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A survey questionnaire is a method of collecting data through responses to a series of questions. [1] X Research Sources To prepare a survey questionnaire, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. However, by taking a step-by-step survey method, you will have an effective means of collecting data from survey questions.
Steps
Survey questionnaire design
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Define the purpose of the survey. What kind of information do you need to collect through the survey? What is your main purpose? Are surveys the best way to gather that information?
- Ask survey questions. [2] X Research Sources You can ask one or more questions, but keep the focus of the survey.
- Make one or more hypotheses that you want to test. The questions in the survey should aim to test hypotheses systematically.
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Select one or more question types. Depending on the information you want to collect, there are many types of questions that can be included in a survey, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The following are the common types of questions used in the survey: [3] X Research Sources
- Dichotomous question: This is usually a “yes/no” question type, but it can also be “agree/disagree”. This is the fastest and simplest question to analyze, but not the most sensitive method.
- Open-ended questions: These questions allow respondents to answer in their own words. This type of question can be useful when you want to find out how the respondents feel, but it is difficult to use for data analysis. The type of open-ended question should be used to ask questions like “why.” [4] X Research Sources
- Multiple Choice Questions: These types of questions include three (or more) different answers and ask the subject to choose one or more answers. [5] X Research Sources Multiple choice questions are easier to analyze, but may not provide survey respondents with the answers they want.
- Rating (or hierarchical) question: This type of question asks respondents to rank or rank for certain items in a set. For example, the question might ask survey respondents to rank from least important to most important for five items. These types of questions help to rank the options, but do not determine why the respondents rated the way they did. [6] X Research Sources
- Level assessment questions: These questions allow respondents to rate a certain problem according to a given scale. You could provide a scale with an equal number of positive and negative choices, ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” [7] X Research Sources These questions are flexible, but also do not answer the “why.” [8] X Research Sources
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Prepare questions for the survey. Survey questions must be clear, precise, and direct. [9] X Research Sources This will ensure you get the best answers from your respondents.
- Write short and simple questions. You should not write complex sentences or use jargon, as this will confuse the respondents and lead to incorrect answers. [10] X Research Source
- Only ask one question at a time. [11] X Research Sources This will help you avoid confusion.
- Use caution when asking for private or “sensitive” information. [12] X Trusted Source Science Buddies Go to source This information can be as simple as age or weight, or as complex as sexual history.
- These types of questions often require you to remain anonymous or encrypt the information you collect.
- Decide whether to include answers like “I don’t know” or “doesn’t work for me” in the survey question. These questions allow respondents to not answer some questions, but can also lead to information shortages and make data analysis difficult.
- Put the most important question at the top of the survey. [13] X Research Sources This way you will gather the most important information, even if respondents may be distracted later.
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Limit the length of the survey. Try to keep the survey brief. You will be more likely to be answered with a short survey, so you need to keep it as concise as possible but still be able to gather the necessary information. [14] X Trusted Source Science Buddies Go to the source If you can create a survey with just 5 questions, do it!
- Only include questions that directly meet your research goals. [15] X Credible Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Go to source Surveys are not an opportunity to gather all kinds of information about respondents.
- Avoid asking unnecessary questions. This may upset the respondent.
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Identify the target audience group. Is there a certain audience you want to target? If so, it’s best to determine this before distributing the survey. [16] X Trusted Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Go to source
- Think about whether you want to collect information from both men and women. Some studies only examined male or female subjects.
- Determine whether you want to collect information from both adults and children. Many surveys only target a certain age group.
- Consider the ages of your target audience. For example, you could set a young adult group to be 18 to 29 years old, an adult age group 30 to 54, and an older adult group to include people over 55 years old.
- Consider what makes a person the subject of your survey. Do they need to drive? Do they need health insurance? Do they have children under 3 years old? You need to understand this very well before distributing the survey.
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Make sure you have privacy protection capabilities. Make a plan to protect the privacy of your survey subjects before you start writing the questionnaires. This is a very important part of many research projects.
- Consider creating an anonymous survey. You may not ask for the name of the person answering the question. This is a step you can take to protect the privacy of your survey subjects, but still be able to guess the characteristics of those people based on other demographic information (such as age, physical characteristics, etc.). substance or code).
- Consider removing the identity of the person being surveyed. Give each survey panel (and also each person surveyed) a unique number or letter, and use only these letters and numbers as a new identity. Destroy any personal information that can be used for identification.
- Remember that you don’t have to gather a lot of demographic information to be able to identify someone. People may be hesitant to provide this information, so you’ll have a better chance of getting more respondents to the survey by asking less demographic questions (if possible).
- Be sure to destroy any identifying information after completing the survey. [17] X Research Source
Write a survey
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Introduce yourself. You need to introduce yourself and your qualifications. Make it clear that you work alone or as part of a team. State the name of the agency or company that assigned you the data collection task. Here are some examples:
- My name is Nguyen Phuong Thanh, one of the people who created this survey. I am a member of the psychology department of Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities. I am focusing on research on cognitive development in adolescents.
- I am Tran Van Quynh, a 3rd year student at Hanoi University. This survey is part of my final exam in statistics.
- I’m Mai Xuan Dao, a market analyst for company X. I’ve been conducting a survey on attitudes towards stimulant use in Vietnam over the years.
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Explain the purpose of the survey. [18] X Research Sources Many people will not respond to a survey if they do not understand its purpose. You don’t need lengthy explanations; A few short sentences will be effective. Here are some examples:
- I am collecting data regarding attitudes towards gun control. This information was collected for class X of the anthropology department of Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities.
- This survey will ask 15 questions about your eating and exercise habits. We are studying the correlation between healthy eating habits, regular exercise and cancer cases in older adults.
- This survey will ask you about your recent experience on international flights. The survey will have three parts with questions about the number of your recent trips and your feelings about those trips as well as your plans for future trips.
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Explain what you will do with the collected data. Do you collect this data for a class project or for publication? Can this data be used in market research? Depending on the intended use of the data collected from the survey, there will be different requirements that you need to be aware of before distributing the survey.
- Note that, if you are collecting information for a university or for publication, you may need to obtain permission from the institutional review board of your institution before starting the survey. Most universities have a review board, and its information is usually available on the school’s website.
- Remember that transparency is always best. You need to be honest about how the collected data is used.
- Write consent if necessary. Note that you cannot guarantee confidentiality, but you will do all you can to protect their information. [19] X Research Source
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Estimate the length of the survey table. Before someone sits down to answer a survey, you should let them know it will take them 10 minutes or 2 hours to complete. If you provide this information from the outset, you will have a much better chance of receiving complete surveys.
- Make your own survey and time it, then estimate that some people work longer, others work faster.
- Give an approximate time period instead of a specific time. For example, you should say that the survey will take about 15-30 minutes to complete instead of saying it takes 15 minutes, causing some people to drop out.
- This is also a reason to write a brief survey! You’ll feel more comfortable asking people for 20 minutes instead of 3 hours.
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Mention gifts. A gift is anything that you can give survey respondents as a reward upon completion. Gifts can include many types: money, desired rewards, gift certificates, candy, etc. Giving gifts also has advantages and disadvantages.
- Gifts may attract people who are not suitable for the survey. You probably don’t want to receive information from people who answer too much to get a gift. This is a downside of gift giving. [20] X Research Source
- Gifts help encourage people who might not want to answer a survey without a gift. This is where giveaways can help you get answers from some of the people you’re targeting. [21] X Research Source
- Consider using SurveyMonkey’s tactics. Instead of paying survey respondents directly, they donate 50 cents to a charity of their choice. They found this reduced the likelihood that people would fill out surveys solely for their own benefit. [22] X Research Source
- Consider a sweepstakes if they complete the survey. You can give out as a gift voucher of VND 500,000 for a restaurant, a new iPod or movie ticket. This won’t cause respondents to fill out the survey just for the gift, but still gives them a chance to get a nice reward.
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Make sure the survey is professional. [23] X Research Sources If you want people to trust you as a data collector, your survey must have a professional appearance.
- Always review the survey carefully. Check for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.
- Give the survey a title. This is an effective way for survey respondents to understand the focus of the survey as quickly as possible.
- Thanks to the person who replied. Thank them for the time and effort they took to complete your questionnaire.
Distributing the survey
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Conduct pilot studies. Have acquaintances respond to your survey (they will not be counted in the survey results) and be prepared to make corrections if necessary. [24] X Credible Source Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Go to Source Plan to invite 5-10 people to participate in the pilot survey. [25] X Trusted Source Science Buddies Go to the source Collect their responses to the survey with the following questions:
- Is the survey easy to understand? Did you find any question confusing?
- Is the survey panel easily accessible? (especially online surveys).
- Do you feel the survey is worth your time?
- Do you feel comfortable answering the questions?
- Do you have any suggestions to improve the survey?
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Disseminate survey panels. You need to determine the best way to disseminate the survey. [26] X Research Sources There are many common ways to distribute surveys: [27] X Research Sources
- Use online sites like SurveyMonkey.com. This site allows you to write surveys using their tool, plus you are given other options, such as buying your target audience and using their analytics tool to analyze your data. Friend. [28] X Research Sources
- Consider mailing. If mailing your survey, be sure to include a stamped and pre-addressed envelope so survey respondents can easily return their responses. Make sure the survey sheet fits the standard envelope size.
- Interview. This can be an effective way to make sure you reach your target groups and can minimize omissions in the survey, as it will be difficult for respondents to avoid answering a certain question. when they are asked directly.
- Try using the phone. While this is a more time-saving method, it can be difficult to find people to answer survey questions over the phone.
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Set a deadline. Ask survey respondents to complete and return them to you by a certain deadline to ensure you have enough time to analyze the results.
- Set an appropriate deadline. Two weeks is ample for respondents to respond. Deadlines that are too long can cause your audience to forget about your survey.
- Consider sending a reminder. A week before the deadline is a good time to send your audience a gentle reminder to return the survey. You can send the survey back in case they lose it. [29] X Research Sources
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wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, 18 people, some of whom are anonymous, have edited and improved the article over time.
There are 14 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 59,423 times.
A survey questionnaire is a method of collecting data through responses to a series of questions. [1] X Research Sources To prepare a survey questionnaire, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. However, by taking a step-by-step survey method, you will have an effective means of collecting data from survey questions.
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