What are microphones? Structure and types of popular microphones on the market today

Microphone has become one of the necessary items for us when holding meetings, used in lectures or we often use to convey information further. Let lassho.edu.vn share with you what is a microphone? Structure and types of popular microphones on the market today!

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What are microphones?

A microphone is an active device that has the ability to capture sound or is known as a mic. The microphone is the middle position of the sound source and the listener. The main sound source is the people holding the microphone and saying what needs to be said and the sound coming out, and the listeners are the audience.

The microphone can be said to be a type of sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal to process the sound for better sound quality. Microphones are often used in karaoke systems , phones , studios, …

Structure of micro

Internal structure

The internal structure of the microphone includes: vibrating diaphragm, coil and magnet. The microphone mainly works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Sound will be transmitted through the vibrating membrane of the microphone, whereby feedback on the coil creates a magnetic magnetic field. At that time, alternating current will pass through the wire to the top of the amplifier and speaker to amplify and create sound.

External structure

The external structure of the microphone consists of 3 parts: the head, the body and the end.

• The first part has In order to protect the internal parts, people often design a circular mesh to capture the inside.
• The body is the part that the person holding the microphone holds when using them. Right on the body there is a pop-up button to open the microphone and a pop-down button to turn off the microphone. Some creative users will decorate this part to add more accent to the microphone.
• The last part is the part to remove the battery if you are using a wireless microphone, and if you are using a wired microphone, the end is the place for the power jack.

Uses of microphones

Microphone helps users to play louder sound . The audience using microphones is very diverse, can be singers, speakers, MCs or even families who like to sing karaoke. In addition, the use of microphones helps to record songs of singers and especially radio stations for television broadcasters.

How to classify microphones popular today

There are many different types of microphones on the market today. Depending on different criteria, they will divide microphones into many types. Here are the 4 most popular microphone groups today that you need to distinguish:

Based on the principle of operation

1. Dynamic Microphone (Dynamic)

• Concept: Electrodynamic microphone is a microphone that can change electrical waves by using magnets.
• Construction: The microphone has a thin vibrating membrane sandwiched around a thin copper coil. In the magnet block, there is a copper wire loop placed in the magnetic field slot, especially without a power source to operate.
• Dynamic microphone creates sweet, soft and special sound that can be recorded in close distance, so it is chosen by many singers or karaoke bars can choose to buy.

2. Condenser microphone

• Concept: Capacitive microphones use the effect of changing capacitance to change the electrical waves in the microphone.
• Structure: Consists of 2 plates, separated by an air layer, and has an electrode voltage placed between the two plates. For condenser microphones, a power source is required to operate.
• Condenser microphones have the ability to accurately record from a distance and can record many people at once in a large space, so condenser microphones are often chosen for use in theaters, lecture halls, stadiums or theaters. amphitheater,…

3. Piezoelectric Microphone (Piezo)

• Concept: Voltage microphones use some device to generate voltage when the microphone is under pressure. The phenomenon of piezoelectricity helps the sound to be converted into a signal and transmitted to the listener’s ears.
• Piezoelectric microphones include two types: wired microphones and wireless microphones, including lapel microphones, hand-held microphones and head-mounted microphones.
• Piezoelectric microphones, thanks to their large impedance, support amplification of the sound coming from the instrument. In addition, the voltage microphone is also used to record sound in the aquatic environment (hydrophone).

Based on usage

1. Vocal microphone (For vocalists)

• Concept: Vocal microphones are designed to prioritize the frequency ranges of the human voice, ranging from 250 Hz – 4 kHz . These frequencies can help the human ear to hear the best and can convey the best sound.
• This type of microphone is designed with moderate sensitivity, against noise such as wind, ambient noise, … so the vocal microphone is suitable for those who sing live stage performances.

2. Microphone for recording

• Definition: Recording microphone is a microphone designed specifically for studio use, also known as studio vocal microphone.
• Structure: The microphone is designed with a large frequency range and high sensitivity, so you can keep it far away from the microphone and still be able to capture quality bass.
• Recording microphones will allow you to capture sound and produce better quality sound that can be as good as an instrument, limiting background noise and distortion during studio recording.

3. Speech microphone (gooseneck microphone)

• Concept: Speech microphones, also known as gooseneck microphones, are unidirectional microphones, usually of the obtuse type. Microphones are often placed on podiums during conferences.
• Structure: This type of microphone is often popular with types such as speech microphones for podiums using Phantom power or speech microphones using mains power,…
• Speech microphones are often used in conferences and meetings, and can be placed on the table for convenient speaking at conferences. The microphone has extremely standard sound quality, no howling and can filter out noise and some other noise quite well, easy to hear and clear.

4. Instrument microphone

• Concept: Instrumental microphone is a type of microphone with a wide frequency range.
• Structure: Instrumental microphones are physically structured, varying in size from small to large to suit the needs of the user. To identify instrument microphones, there are often no air filter tips and many accessories attached.
• Instrument microphones make it convenient and flexible for you to use instruments or perform or record.

5. Conference Microphone

• Concept: The conference microphone is a trigger-neck microphone and is placed directly on the table to record the human voice in front of you. Sound can be picked up at intervals of 12 to 45 cm.
• Structure: All microphones are received and managed by a central signal manager. With a conference microphone that can receive very high sound waves and at a very long distance, the sound quality is quite good.

Based on user needs

1. Ear microphone

• Ear microphones are specially designed with the body attached to your ear and the head placed directly in front of your mouth, to capture voice and live sound.
• If you use a headset microphone for presentations or lectures , it will be more effective than other types of microphones. In addition, with this type of microphone, you can free your hands and move more easily.

2. Lapel microphone

• Concept: Lapel microphone is designed to pick up the sound of a person or a fixed object. With this type of microphone, you just need to put it on your shirt, it will definitely help you record clear, true and consistent sound.
• Structure: There are 3 parts that are signal receiver, signal generator and lapel mic, the parts must have a consistent connection to work.
• The application of lapel microphones, like earphones, is also common in studios or lectures.

3. Wireless Microphone

• Definition: Wireless microphone is a type of microphone that does not have any cables connected to the processing device or it is also known as a radio microphone.
• Structure: The principle of operation of this microphone is the same as that of a wired microphone, but the only difference is that the signal will be converted into radio waves and transferred to the receiver.
• The application of wireless microphones is suitable for teaching and conveying information in a large space with sound accessible to listeners.

4. Wired Microphone

• The microphone is designed in a modern style and has high aesthetics. Wired microphones are usually made with high quality stainless steel or aluminum.
• The application of wired microphones is often widely used in places such as performance stages, autumn rooms, halls, karaoke bars, …

Sort by orientation

1. Omnidirectional microphone

An omnidirectional microphone is a type of microphone that can pick up sound in all directions in space. This device is often used where there is a large space and there are many people such as a meeting room or stage.

With this feature, the omnidirectional microphone can pick up the voice whether the speaker is standing in front of or behind the microphone. Even when they move around, the microphone can still capture clear sound.

However, the best direction to receive sound is still in front of the microphone, some other directions of this microphone still receive sound, but the sound at high frequencies will be gradually reduced.

2. Directional Microphone

Directional microphones are microphones that pick up sound in a certain direction, depending on the design of the microphone. Some types of microphones designed in different directional sound pickup directions are as follows:

• Cardioid: Receives and captures sound best in the front then around.
• Supercardioid: Get the best sound then around and a little in the back.
• Hypercardioid: The best sound pick-up then around and a little in the back (rear recording is better than Supercardioid).
• Bidirectional: Best reception in front and rear.
• Shotgun: Picks the best around and in front and has a wider range than the above.

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The above article introduced you to what is a microphone? Structure and types of microphones are popular on the market today . Hope this article will bring you useful information. If you have any questions, leave a comment below for support!