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What are antigens?
Definition of antigen
Definition of antigen
Antigen, also known as Antigen, is defined as a substance that, when entering the body, will be recognized by the immune system and will produce corresponding antibodies. Regarding the immune antibody response, there are two ways: negative response and positive response.
A positive response is because the antigen stimulates the body to produce anti-Immune Globulin antibodies. A negative response is when the body is exposed to an antigen, the body will accept that antigen.
Classification of antigens
Classification according to antigenic origin
- Complex bacterial antigens such as in shells, walls, feathers, toxins, etc.
- Plant antigens such as pollen, dust, cause allergies, ..
- Viral antigens on the surface or deep inside.
Classification according to chemical properties
- Protein: This is a very strong antibody-producing antigen.
- Lipids: Lipids alone will not be able to produce antibodies, but if combined with proteins or glucid will stimulate the body to produce antibodies.
- Glucid: has the ability to generate strong antibodies.
Classification according to genomic similarity
- Alloantigen, also known as Alloantigen: has the function of determining the difference between groups of individuals in the same species and creating antibodies in individuals that do not contain antibodies.
- Differential antigens, also known as Xanoantigen: are antigens of different species with high strangeness.
- Autoantigens, also known as Antoantigens, are self-antigens that create antibodies against in the body, also known as the autoimmune process.
Classification of antigens
Classification based on the mechanism of immunogenicity
- thymus-independent antigens
- Thymus-dependent antigens
Classification according to antigenic determination
- Monovalent antigen: on a molecule containing a single type of antigen
- Polyvalent antigens: molecules containing many types of antigens
- Cross antigens: different antigens contain one or more of the same antigenic determinants
What are antibodies?
Definition of antibodies
Definition of antibodies
Antibodies, also known as Antibodies, are produced when an organism or bacteria is detected in the body. Antibodies will destroy bad factors affecting the body and at the same time protect the body from them.
Antibodies have three main roles: binding to antigens, activating the complement system, and mobilizing immune cells.
Classification of antibodies
Classification of antibodies
- IgG: is the most common antibody in blood, colostrum and tissue fluids. This type of antibody has the function of protecting the fetus in the first weeks of pregnancy when the baby’s immune system is not yet developed.
- IgA : is an antibody that accounts for about 15-20% in blood, colostrum, saliva, and tears . Where is IgA secreted, they will destroy harmful agents there.
- IgM: In infants, this is the first layer of immunity to appear. They protect the baby’s body by combining with multidimensional antigens such as viruses and red blood cells.
- IgE: Plays a role in acute hypersensitivity reactions as well as in the body’s immunity against parasites.
- IgD: Only 1%, is the antibody with the least function in the process of antigen activation.
What is the difference between antigens and antibodies?
What is the difference between antigens and antibodies?
| Antibody | Antigen |
|---|---|
| Antibodies that bind to Epitope are called Paratope | Antigens that interact with antibodies are called Epitope |
| Consists of 5 types of antibodies: Immunoglobulin M, G, E, D and A | Consists of 3 antigens: Xanoantigen, Alloantigen, Antoantigen |
| Immobilize, disperse materials of antigens to protect the body | Is the cause of reactions when diseases, allergies, .. |
| Are proteins? | As fats, nucleic acids or carbohydrates |
| Variable pages have antigenic territory | Activates the formation of antibodies |
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Source: vimec.com
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