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This article was co-written by Laura Marusinec, MD. Marusinec is a licensed pediatrician at Wisconsin Children’s Hospital, and she is a member of the Clinical Practice Council. She received her PhD from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine in 1995 and completed her residency at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine with a major in Pediatrics in 1998. She is a member of the American Medical Writers Association and the American Medical Writers Association. Children’s Emergency Care Association.
There are 25 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 21,090 times.
Bilirubin is an intermediate product in the process of producing new blood cells to replace old blood cells. The liver is responsible for breaking down bilirubin into a form that can be excreted. [1] X Research Sources Bilirubin in the blood increases (hyperbilirubinemia) leads to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) and indicates liver problems. [2] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Going to the source Jaundice is quite common in babies in the first week after birth, [3] X Research sources but adults can also experience increased bilirubin due to some liver problems. [4] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source Treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in infants and adults is different, but you can deal with it if you understand the effects. Effects and causes of hyperbilirubinemia in adults and neonates.
Steps
Decreased bilirubin levels in infants
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Risk assessment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Factors that affect bilirubin levels can be genetic, environmental, or related to other health conditions.
- The body of a premature baby has a poor ability to process bilirubin because the liver is not fully developed. [5] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Babies whose blood type does not match the mother’s blood type – also known as ABO incompatibility – may have higher blood bilirubin levels from birth. [6] X Research Sources
- If the baby has a lot of bruising during birth, the bilirubin level will increase due to the breakdown of red blood cells. [7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Newborns can develop “breast milk jaundice” for two reasons: the presence of certain proteins in breast milk, or because they don’t get enough milk, leading to dehydration. [8] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
- Some children have liver, blood or enzyme problems or other medical problems that lead to increased bilirubin levels. In addition, the baby can get an infection and cause bilirubin to increase. [9] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Breastfeed your baby often. Doctors usually recommend feeding babies with jaundice 12 times a day. [10] X Research Source
- Some problems with sucking and latching on can prevent an infant from getting enough breast milk, so you should consider getting help from a lactation specialist. [11] X Research Source
- Breastfeeding regularly stimulates digestion and excretion of bilirubin. [12] X Research Source
- If your baby has been fed regularly and still cannot reduce his bilirubin level, your doctor will instruct you to give him extra formula or expressed breast milk. [13] X Research Source
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Refer to phototherapy. Phototherapy requires exposing the child to light in the blue-green spectrum. [14] X Source of Research When light waves pass through the skin into the bloodstream, it converts bilirubin into a form that can be excreted from the body. [15] X Trusted Source Michigan Medicine Go to Source
- Your baby must wear eye protection to protect against light, and must also wear a diaper during therapy.
- Children have more frequent, loose stools and may be greenish as a side effect of phototherapy. This is normal and will resolve when treatment is stopped. [16] X Trusted Source Michigan Medicine Go to Source
- Although direct sunlight also helps reduce bilirubin, sun exposure is not recommended. It is very difficult for you to control your baby’s sun exposure and body temperature while drying. [17] X Research Source
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Consider using a Biliblanket lamp. The Biliblanket lamp is a modern device composed of woven optical fibers. [18] X Trusted Source Michigan Medicine Go to Source
- When using, people place the lamp directly on the young person to maximize the area exposed to light, so you can hold and breastfeed without interrupting the treatment process. [19] X Trusted Source Michigan Medicine Go to Source
- The Biliblanket light makes your baby’s skin look bleached or red, but it’s actually part of the treatment and will go away as the bilirubin level drops. [20] X Trusted Source Michigan Medicine Go to Source
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Discuss other treatment options with your doctor. If the cause of jaundice is an infection or other medical problem, such as increased red blood cell breakdown, doctors often recommend other treatments such as medication or even a blood transfusion.
Decreased bilirubin levels in adults
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Health assessment to identify conditions that may be the cause of hyperbilirubinemia. The bilirubin production system can fail at one of three times: before, during, and after the production of bilirubin. Each of these problems stems from a group of related conditions:
- Adults can develop “indirect bilirubin jaundice” when an error occurs before bilirubin is produced, most commonly from a large reabsorbed thrombus or from hemolytic anemia. [21] X Cleveland Clinic Trusted Source Go to Source
- During the production of bilirubin, jaundice develops when you have viruses such as hepatitis and Epstein-Barr virus, autoimmune disorders, excessive alcohol consumption, or medications such as acetaminophen, oral contraceptives. oral and steroids. [22] X Cleveland Clinic Trusted Source Go to Source
- If an adult has jaundice because of errors that occur after bilirubin is born, the defects may be located in the gallbladder or pancreas. [23] X Cleveland Clinic Trusted Source Go to Source
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Go to a doctor. You should have your bilirubin level checked if you have jaundice, as it could be a sign of a serious health problem. Often the doctor must try to find and treat the cause of the disease, as well as treat the complications that accompany jaundice. Jaundice itself is rarely the subject of treatment. Sometimes they give you medicine to relieve itching, which is a common symptom of jaundice. [24] X Cleveland Clinic Trusted Source Go to Source[25] X Research Source
- Jaundice also often accompanies other symptoms, so your doctor can base on that to find the cause:
- Short-term jaundice caused by an infection is often accompanied by chills, fever, abdominal discomfort, or flu-like symptoms.
- Jaundice due to biliary obstruction is often characterized by itching, weight loss, dark urine or light-colored stools. [26] X Research Source
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Confirm that high bilirubin levels are not caused by a rare disease. Certain rare illnesses can lead to high bilirubin levels and jaundice.
- Gilbert’s syndrome is an inherited liver disease that causes patients to not have enough liver enzymes needed to break down bilirubin. Although the disease is present at birth, symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal discomfort may only appear when the person begins to reach adulthood. [27] X Research Source
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome is an extremely rare disease also caused by an enzyme deficiency. This disease has two forms, the more common form called Arias syndrome can be cured to return the patient’s life to normal or near normal. [28] X Research Sources
- Sickle cell anemia or other blood diseases also increase the risk of developing jaundice.
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Limit alcohol consumption. Alcohol damages the liver leading to increased bilirubin levels, so you need to limit your consumption to the recommended amount per day (350-700 ml of 5% alcohol beer/day depending on age). Some people are advised to quit drinking altogether. Alcohol or beer can damage the liver in 3 ways:
- Leaving too much fat in liver cells. This condition is also known as fatty liver disease, many people have it but don’t see any symptoms, if there are symptoms, the symptoms are usually discomfort and fatigue. [29] X Research Sources
- Causes liver damage or inflammation. These symptoms indicate that you have alcoholic hepatitis. There are also some symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. If it is alcoholic hepatitis, sometimes it will go away on its own if you stop drinking. [30] X Research Source In addition to alcohol, viral hepatitis or autoimmune hepatitis is also likely to be the cause.
- Disruption of liver function. Cirrhosis is characterized by severely damaged liver and inability to process food to remove toxins from the blood. [31] X Research Source
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Maintain a healthy weight and diet. Studies show that obesity damages the liver more than alcohol. [32] X Research Sources Obesity can lead to fatty liver, including in children.
- High-fiber foods are especially good for the liver, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. [33] X Research Sources
- Certain foods are more likely to damage the liver, including foods high in fat, sugar or salt. In addition, fried foods, raw or undercooked shellfish can also damage the liver. [34] X Research Source
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Protects you from hepatitis. All the viruses that cause hepatitis A, B, and C damage the liver, and getting vaccinated is the best way to avoid getting sick:
- It is recommended that everyone be vaccinated against hepatitis B shortly after birth. Meanwhile, hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for people who are at high risk or who travel to high-risk areas.
- If you are going to an area of the world with high rates of hepatitis, you should get vaccinated before you go.
- Hepatitis can also be transmitted through risky behaviors such as intravenous drug use and unsafe sex. [35] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Use caution when taking drugs. You should be aware of a number of medications that can cause toxic hepatitis, including over-the-counter pain relievers and common prescription medications such as cholesterol-lowering drugs, antibiotics, and anabolic steroids. Tell your doctor if you suspect that a medicine you take may be harmful to your liver.
- Some alternative medicines are considered beneficial for liver health and function but have actually been linked to liver damage. Consult your doctor before taking alternative medicine. Common herbs that have the potential to cause liver damage include tea [36] X Research , lindenum, mistletoe, chaparral, and rhubarb. [37] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- The liver is responsible for breaking down drugs and so the process is potentially damaging to itself. Acetaminophen is the most commonly used drug that can cause liver damage. [38] X Research Source
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This article was co-written by Laura Marusinec, MD. Marusinec is a licensed pediatrician at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, and she is a member of the Clinical Practice Council. She received her PhD from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine in 1995 and completed her residency at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine with a major in Pediatrics in 1998. She is a member of the American Medical Writers Association and the American Medical Writers Association. Children’s Emergency Care Association.
There are 25 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 21,090 times.
Bilirubin is an intermediate product in the process of producing new blood cells to replace old blood cells. The liver is responsible for breaking down bilirubin into a form that can be excreted. [1] X Research Sources Bilirubin in the blood increases (hyperbilirubinemia) leads to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) and indicates liver problems. [2] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Going to the source Jaundice is quite common in babies in the first week after birth, [3] X Research sources but adults can also experience increased bilirubin due to some liver problems. [4] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to the source Treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in infants and adults is different, but you can deal with it if you understand the effects. Effects and causes of hyperbilirubinemia in adults and neonates.
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