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This article was co-written by Christopher Taylor, PhD. Christopher Taylor is an assistant professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 132,334 times.
Essay is a common form of academic writing in many subjects that students often have to do. Before you start writing your essay, you need to understand the details of the essay so you know how to approach the essay and where to focus. Once you’ve chosen a topic, research and narrow down the main argument(s) you want to make. You will then outline and develop your essay, including an introduction, body, and conclusion. Once you’ve finished your draft, you need to spend some time reviewing and editing to make sure your essay is persuasive.
Steps
Understand the topic
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Read the topic carefully. The style, structure, and focus of your essay will vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing. If you are assigned to write an essay for a subject, you need to read the topic carefully and find information about the nature of the essay. Some common types of essays include: [1] X Research Sources
- Compare/Contrast Essay: Focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between two things, ideas, people, events, places, or works of art.
- Narrative essay: Tell a story.
- Debate essay: Uses evidence and examples to convince the reader of the author’s point of view.
- Critical or analytical essay: Consider something in detail (such as an essay or a piece of work). This type of essay can answer specific questions about an object or focus more broadly on its meaning.
- Knowledge essay: Teaches the reader about a topic.
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Check the format and style requirements. If it’s a subject essay or published, there may be specific style and format requirements that you need to adhere to. Read the assignment carefully to make sure you understand the requirements, such as:
- Length of essay
- Citation format used in the essay
- Formatting requirements such as margin size, line spacing, font, and font size.
Christopher Taylor, PhD
Assistant Professor of English
Christopher Taylor is an assistant professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.
Christopher Taylor, PhD
Assistant Professor of English
Assistant Professor of English
Christopher Taylor, professor of English language arts, says: “Most essays include an introduction, body or discussion, and conclusion. When writing a college essay, you need to check Double-check the specific structural conventions relevant to your essay’s genre , your field of study, and your faculty’s requirements.”
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Narrow the topic so that the essay has a clear focus. Depending on the topic, you may be assigned a specific topic, or just asked to write about a general subject or subject. If the assignment doesn’t cover a specific topic, spend some time brainstorming. Try to pick a separate topic that you find interesting and have a lot to do with. [2] X Research Source
- If you’re writing a research essay, you can find inspiration by reading through some of the major sources on the topic.
- With a critical essay, you can focus on a particular theme in the work you are discussing, or analyze the meaning of a particular passage.
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Ask again if you don’t understand the question. If you’re not sure what you’re asked to write about or how your essay should be structured, don’t be afraid to ask! Your teacher can clarify anything you don’t understand, and they can even give you samples of the genre you’re looking for. [3] X Research Sources
- If you have trouble narrowing down a topic, your teacher can provide guidance or help you find inspiration.
Outline and organize your essay
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Find some reliable sources on the topic. If you are writing an academic essay or any essay that requires you to prove your point with examples and examples, you will probably have to do some research. Visit the library or go online to find up-to-date resources that provide accurate and verifiable information on the topic you are about to write about. [4] X Research Sources
- Books and academic journals are often good sources of information. In addition to print sources, you can find reliable information in academic databases such as JSTOR and Google Schpar.
- You can also find original documents such as letters, eyewitness accounts and photographs.
- Always review your sources carefully. Even research papers by reputable scientists can contain biases, outdated information, simple errors or erroneous arguments.
Tip: In general, Wikipedia articles are not considered appropriate sources for academic writing, However, you may find useful resources in the “References” section at the end of the article.
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Take notes while studying. As you research the topic of your essay, take detailed notes of relevant information, ideas that interest you, and issues that you need to explore further. If you’re going to include any information you find in your essay, make a detailed note of the quote. This will help you find information and use citations properly. [5] X Research Sources
- It can be helpful to take notes on separate tabs or type in a text document on your computer so that it’s easy to copy, paste, and rearrange as you like.
- Try organizing your notes into different categories so you can identify the ideas you want to target. For example, if you’re analyzing a short story, you might group all of your notes into a single theme or character category.
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Choose a question to answer or a problem to solve. While studying, you can narrow the focus even further. For example, maybe you discover a question you want answered, an argument or a popular theory on the topic that you want to disprove. This question or issue will form the basis of your main topic or argument. [6] X Research Source
- For example, if your essay is about the factors that led to the end of the Bronze Age in the ancient Middle East, you might focus on the question, “What role did natural disasters play in the collapse of the Middle East?” of late Bronze Age society?”
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Write a thesis statement that summarizes your main argument. After choosing a question or essay idea, review your research and think about the main idea or argument you want to make. Try to summarize the main idea concisely in 1-2 sentences. That will be your thesis. [7] X Research Sources
- An easy way to write a thesis statement is to briefly answer the main question you want to discuss.
- For example, if the question is “What role did natural disasters play in the collapse of Late Bronze Age society?” your thesis statement might be “Natural disasters occurred during the Middle Ages.” The Late Bronze Age devastated local economies across the region. This inaugurated a series of mass exodus of various ethnic groups, creating widespread conflict that contributed to the collapse of many of the major political centers of the Bronze Age. ”
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Make an outline to organize the main ideas. After you have written a clear thesis statement, make a brief list of the main points you will cover in your essay. You don’t have to include a lot of detail – just write 1-2 sentences, even a few words, to outline each main idea or argument. Fill in the supporting ideas with examples and examples that you will use to support each main idea. [8] X Research Sources
- When writing your outline, think about how you will organize your essay. For example, you can go from the strongest arguments to the weakest arguments. You can also start with an overview of the source you are analyzing, then move on to tackle the main themes, tone, and style of the work.
- Your outline might look like this:
- Introduce
- Body
- Point 1, with examples
- Point 2, with examples
- Point 3, with examples
- Opinion(s) that counter your argument
- Argument(s) refuting the counter-opinion
- Conclude
Draft essay
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Write an introduction to give context. After writing your thesis statement and making an outline, you will write the introduction to your essay. The introduction will include a brief overview of the topic along with a thesis statement. This is where you provide directional information to the reader and put your essay into context. [9] X Research Source
- For example, if you are writing a critical essay about a work of art, your introduction might start with some basic information about the work, such as the creator, where the work was made. and when along with a brief description of the work. From there, you will introduce the question(s) about the work you want to discuss and present your thesis.
- A good introduction should also have a short transitional sentence that connects to the first idea or argument you want to make. For example, if you are discussing the use of color in a work of art, you might first say that you want to start with an overview of the use of symbolic color in contemporary works of artists. other doctor.
Tip: Some people think it’s easier to write the rest of the essay first and then write the introduction. Once you’ve written down the main ideas, it’s easy to summarize the ideas in your essay in a few introductory sentences.
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Present the argument(s) in detail. Based on your outline, write a series of paragraphs that address each of the main ideas you want to present. Each paragraph should include a topic sentence similar to a minor thesis statement – it briefly explains the main idea you want to present in the paragraph. Following the topic sentence, you’ll come up with some compelling evidence to support your point. [10] X Research Source
- For example, your topic sentence might say something like “The Sherlock Hpmes short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle are among the most influential literary works in PG Wodehouse’s Jeeves.” You can then prove it by quoting a passage that mentions Sherlock Hpmes.
- Try to show how the arguments in each paragraph relate to the main point of the essay.
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Use sentences that change ideas between paragraphs. Your essay will flow more smoothly if you create smooth connections or transitions between arguments. Try to find logical transitions to connect each paragraph or topic with the paragraph or topic before and after it. [11] X Trusted Source University of North Carpina Writing Center Go to source
- When writing transitions, transitional phrases can be very helpful. For example, you might use phrases like “Besides,” “So,” “Similar,” “Then,” or “As a result.”
- For example, if you’ve just discussed how to use color to create contrast in a work of art, you might start the next paragraph with the sentence, “Besides color, artists also use boldness of strokes.” draw to distinguish between stills and animations in the scene.”
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Handling objections. If you are doing argumentative essays, familiarize yourself with the arguments against your point. You will need to incorporate counter-arguments into your essay and present compelling evidence to refute them. [12] X Research Source
- For example, when arguing that a certain species of shrimp adorns its shell with red algae to attract mates, you may need to refute the argument that their adornment is actually a warning. predatory animals. You can cite evidence that shrimp with red color are in fact eaten more than shrimp without the shell.
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Cite the source properly. If you intend to use other people’s ideas or information obtained from another source, you will need to credit the source of the information. This is necessary whether you are quoting directly from another source or just summarizing or paraphrasing their ideas or words. [13] X Research Source
- The way you cite your sources will vary depending on the type of citation you’re using. Typically, you will need to include the author’s name, title and publication date of the source cited, and the location of that information, such as what page it is located on.
- In general, you don’t need to cite common sense. For example, you don’t need to cite the source when you write “Zebras are mammals”.
- If you cite any sources in your essay, you will need to include a list of cited works (or bibliographies) at the bottom.
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Summarize with a concluding paragraph. To conclude your essay, you will write a paragraph that restates the main idea of the essay. State how the arguments support your point and briefly summarize your main point or argument. You can also discuss unanswered questions or ideas that deserve further exploration. [14] X Research Source
- The conclusion should be brief. The length of the conclusion depends on the length of the essay, usually no longer than 1-2 paragraphs.
- For example, for a 1,000-word essay, you should write a conclusion about 4-5 sentences long. [15] X Research Source
Review and edit essays
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Take a short break after completing the first draft. After you draft your essay, you should rest for a while. That way, you’ll be able to read it again later with a fresh look. [16] X Research Sources If possible, you should wait 1-2 days before reviewing your essay.
- If you don’t have time to take a 2-day break, at least take a few hours off to relax or do something else.
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Re-read the draft to check for obvious errors. When you’re ready to go back to your essay, first re-read the whole thing to find the big issues. You may find it helpful to read aloud, as our ears can detect things that our eyes don’t. If you find any problems, make a note of it, but don’t try to fix it right away. Look for the following issues: [17] X Research Sources
- Long sentences
- Points not clearly explained
- Unnecessary or off-topic information
- Sentences that are unclear or poorly arranged
- Spelling, grammar, style and formatting errors
- Inappropriate language or tone (e.g. using slang or colloquial language in academic writing)
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Fix any major issues you find. Go back to editing your essay after reading it. After correcting, read it again to make sure the essay is smooth and there are no uncorrected problems. [18] X Research Sources
- You may have to trim content in some places and add in others.
- You may also have to rearrange some of the content to make the essay more coherent.
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Revise the edited essay. After correcting your essay, read it carefully again to spot minor errors, such as typos or formatting. It is possible that you missed errors in the first edit, or there are new errors that appear after editing. It’s probably easier to spot errors when you print to paper than you can on a computer screen. [19] X Research Source
- Reread each line slowly and carefully. It may also be helpful to read each sentence out loud.
Tip: If possible, have someone else proofread. When you look at your work for too long, your brain starts to contain only the things that you think without realizing the things in reality, so it will be difficult for you to spot errors.
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This article was co-written by Christopher Taylor, PhD. Christopher Taylor is an assistant professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 132,334 times.
Essay is a common form of academic writing in many subjects that students often have to do. Before you start writing your essay, you need to understand the details of the essay so you know how to approach the essay and where to focus. Once you’ve chosen a topic, research and narrow down the main argument(s) you want to make. You will then outline and develop your essay, including an introduction, body, and conclusion. Once you’ve finished your draft, you need to spend some time reviewing and editing to make sure your essay is persuasive.
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