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This article was co-written by Jonas DeMuro, MD. Dr. DeMuro is a licensed pediatric health surgeon in New York. He received his MD from Stony Brook University School of Medicine in 1996. He completed his study in Surgical Urgent Care at the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System and served as a member. from the American College of Surgeons (ACS).
There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 30,590 times.
Tendonitis is damage to the tendon, which is the extension of muscle that attaches to bone. Tendons move when muscles contract and move bones, so tendinitis often occurs when you have to work too much, such as repetitive manipulation at work. In theory, tendons can become inflamed anywhere in the body, but are most common in the wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, and heels (Achilles tendon). [1] X Sources Research Tendonitis causes great pain and reduced mobility, but tendinitis will slowly clear up over several weeks, especially with appropriate home care. In some cases tendinitis becomes chronic and requires medical intervention.
Steps
Simple treatment
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Stop using your tendons/muscles too much. Tendons become inflamed when there is a sudden injury, but the most common cause of this condition is the repetition of small operations over long periods of time, even weeks or months. [2] X Reliable source Mayo Clinic Go to the source Repeated motion puts pressure on the tendon, which in turn causes minor tears and local inflammation. You have to identify which movement is causing the problem, then take a break for a while (at least a few days) or find a way to change it up a bit. If tendinitis is caused by work, you must talk to your manager to get a temporary transfer to another job. If tendinitis is related to exercise, which indicates overuse or improper handling, you should seek advice from a personal trainer.
- Tennis and golf are two sports that are easy to cause elbow tendonitis, so in English people have the terms “tennis elbow” and “gpfer’s elbow”. hockey).
- Acute tendinitis usually heals on its own after a period of rest, if you do not rest the disease will become chronic and very difficult to treat.
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Apply ice to the affected area. The pain of this disease is mainly caused by inflammation, which is the body’s response to repair damaged tissue. However, the inflammatory response is often overblown and actually contributes to the problem, so controlling inflammation is key to pain relief. You should apply an ice pack, gel bag, or frozen fruit to the inflamed tendon to reduce inflammation and pain. [3] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Apply cold packs every few hours until pain and inflammation are gone.
- If inflammation occurs in a small, protruding muscle/tendon (such as in the wrist and elbow), you should apply it for 10 minutes. For areas where the muscles/tendons are wide or deep inside (like in the shoulders and hips), the application time is close to 20 minutes.
- During the application you need to elevate and constrict the area with a bandage – both methods can be very effective in treating inflammation.
- Be sure to wrap the ice pack in a thin cloth before applying it to avoid frostbite.
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Take anti-inflammatory drugs. Another way to treat tendonitis is to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). [4] X Source of Research NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Mofen-400), and naproxen (Naproxen 275mg) can control inflammation and reduce pain and swelling. NSAIDs have negative effects on the stomach (both liver and kidney but to a lesser extent), so it’s best not to take them for longer than two weeks for any injury.
- As an alternative to oral medications, you may want to consider applying an anti-inflammatory/pain reliever cream or gel, especially when the tendon is located near the surface of the skin to facilitate absorption of the medication.
- Avoid taking pain relievers (acetaminophen) or muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine) because they do not address the inflammation.
Relative treatment
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Gently stretch the inflamed tendon. Mild to moderate tendonitis and muscle strains often respond well to stretching because it reduces tension in the muscles, increases blood flow, and improves flexibility and range of motion. [5] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Stretching is recommended for acute tendonitis (if pain and inflammation is not severe) and chronic tendinitis, which is also a precaution against this injury . While stretching you must work slowly but firmly, hold the position for 20-30 seconds, repeat three to five times per day, especially before and after a lot of activity.
- For chronic tendinitis or to prevent injury, you must apply a hot, damp washcloth to the inflammation before stretching, so that the muscle/tendon is warmed up and becomes more flexible.
- Remember, tendinitis is often more painful at night and after exercise.
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Wear a support brace. If tendinitis occurs in the knee, elbow, or wrist, you should consider wearing a neoprene wrist brace or a nylon/Velcro brace to protect and limit movement there. [6] X Research Source Wearing a support brace also helps remind you to be moderately active at work and sports.
- However, you must not keep the injury site completely immobile because nearby tendons, muscles, and joints need some movement to ensure blood circulation for the healing process.
- In addition to wearing a brace, you should consider the design of your workplace gear to make sure it’s appropriate for your body shape and size. If necessary, adjust the chair, keyboard, and desktop to remove stress on joints and tendons.
Professional treatment
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Go to doctor. If tendinitis doesn’t go away or doesn’t respond well to rest and self-care, you need to see a hospital. Your doctor will assess the severity of your tendonitis, sometimes using diagnostic equipment such as ultrasound or MRI, and then give you advice. If the tendon is detached from the bone, your doctor may refer you to an orthopedic surgeon for corrective surgery. [7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source For less severe cases, rehabilitation exercises and/or steroid injections are often more appropriate.
- Surgery for severe tendonitis is performed arthroscopically, which means a camera and small instruments are inserted through a short cut near the joint. [8] X Research Sources
- For chronic tendinitis, focused scar tissue aspiration (FAST) is a minimally invasive procedure that removes scar tissue from a tendon without affecting healthy tissue. [9] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Exercise rehabilitation. If you have chronic tendinitis but it’s not very severe, your doctor will often recommend that you do rehabilitation, that is, physical therapy. Your physical therapist will teach you a number of stretches and strengthening exercises for the inflamed tendon and surrounding musculature. For example, strengthening by stretching is a technique that requires contraction of the muscle/tendon during its lengthening phase – effective in the treatment of chronic tendinitis. [10] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source . For chronic tendonitis to improve, you must do physical therapy two to three times per week for four to eight weeks.
- Physiotherapists can also treat tendonitis with therapeutic ultrasound or microcurrent technology, both of which are effective in reducing inflammation and enhancing injury recovery.
- Some therapists (and other medical professionals) use low-energy light waves (infrared rays) to reduce inflammation and pain in mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries. [11] X Research Source
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Steroid injections. If the doctor deems it necessary, they will inject steroids directly or near the inflamed tendon. Steroids such as cortisone are very effective at temporarily treating inflammation, so pain can be eliminated and mobility restored (at least in the short term), but there are also some risks you need to be aware of. [12] X Research Sources In very rare cases, corticosteroid injections can weaken damaged muscles and cause muscle tears. Therefore, repeated injections of corticosteroids are not recommended for the treatment of tendinitis lasting more than three months, because of the increased risk of tendon rupture. [13] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Steroid injections may provide temporary pain relief, but long-term success is unlikely. [14] X Research Source
- Besides weakening tendons, other side effects associated with steroids include infection, local muscle atrophy, nerve damage, and decreased immune function.
- If steroid injections still don’t cure your tendonitis, especially when you’re doing physical therapy at the same time, you must consider the possibility of surgery.
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Consult your doctor about PRP (platelet-rich plasma) technology. The PRP technology is relatively new and still under research, whereby they will take a blood sample and centrifuge it to separate platelets and other restorative factors from red blood cells. [15] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source The plasma mixture is then injected into a chronically inflamed tendon, which reduces inflammation and enhances tissue repair.
- If successful, PRP technology is a much better alternative to corticosteroid injections because it does not cause side effects.
- As with any invasive procedure, there is always a risk of infection, heavy bleeding and/or accumulation of scar tissue.
Advice
- Preventing tendinitis is always easier than treating it, so you should avoid overusing any muscle when you’re new to it.
- Quit smoking because it adversely affects blood circulation, causing a shortage of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, tendons and many other tissues.
- If an exercise/activity hurts muscles or tendons, try another exercise instead. Mixing exercises with different activities helps prevent tendonitis caused by repetition.
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This article was co-written by Jonas DeMuro, MD. Dr. DeMuro is a licensed pediatric health surgeon in New York. He received his MD from Stony Brook University School of Medicine in 1996. He completed his study in Surgical Urgent Care at the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System and served as a member. from the American College of Surgeons (ACS).
There are 8 references cited in this article that you can see at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 30,590 times.
Tendonitis is damage to the tendon, which is the extension of muscle that attaches to bone. Tendons move when muscles contract and move bones, so tendinitis often occurs when you have to work too much, such as repetitive manipulation at work. In theory, tendons can become inflamed anywhere in the body, but are most common in the wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, and heels (Achilles tendon). [1] X Sources Research Tendonitis causes great pain and reduced mobility, but tendinitis will slowly clear up over several weeks, especially with appropriate home care. In some cases tendinitis becomes chronic and requires medical intervention.
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