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This article was co-written by Chris M. Matsko, MD. Dr. Matsko is a retired physician with offices in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was awarded the University of Pittsburgh Cornell’s Distinguished Leadership Award. He received his PhD from Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. He holds a Research Diploma from AMWA in 2016 and a Medical Content Writing & Editorial Certificate from the University of Chicago in 2017.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 52,537 times.
Human bites are one of the most overlooked injuries because many people mistakenly assume they are not as dangerous as animal bites. [1] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to the source However, with the viruses and bacteria found in the human mouth, you need to take this bite seriously. [2] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to the source By carefully assessing the wound, providing first aid, and consulting a physician, you can treat a person bite wound to prevent any adverse effects dangerous side effects, such as infection.
Steps
First aid
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Find out the history of the person who bitten. If possible, ask the person biting you their medical history to make sure they are fully vaccinated and don’t have any serious illnesses, such as hepatitis. That helps you determine the right type of treatment as well as the need for a doctor’s visit.
- If the patient’s history cannot be determined, perform first aid and see a doctor.
- The two most worrisome diseases are hepatitis B and tetanus. Although not with every bite, hepatitis and tetanus can develop, especially with infected wounds. [3] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- Although difficult, HIV and hepatitis B can still be transmitted through this accident. [4] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source If bitten by someone you don’t know, get an HIV test just to be safe.
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Assess the wound. As soon as someone bites you, observe the location of the bite. Assess the severity of the injury and try to determine the best course of action. [5] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Remember that all human bites are serious. [6] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Human bites can arise in a variety of situations with varying degrees of severity, from a deep bite caused by a fight or the like to a scratch caused by a tooth scraping your finger or knuckles. [7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If the bite of a person breaks the skin, after giving first aid, you need to see a doctor for medical assistance. [8] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Stop bleeding. If bleeding occurs, apply pressure to the wound with a clean, dry towel or medical gauze. Do not perform any first aid until the bleeding is controlled to avoid excessive blood loss. [9] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If the wound is bleeding heavily, you can lie down on a carpet or bed so your body doesn’t lose heat and go into shock. [10] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If blood seeps out of the towel or gauze, do not remove and replace with a new towel or gauze. Just place another pad on top until the wound stops bleeding. [11] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If there is any foreign object in the wound, such as a broken tooth, do not apply too much pressure or try to remove it. [12] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Sponge. Once the bleeding has stopped, wash the wound with soap and water. This helps wash away any bacteria and can reduce the risk of infection. [13] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- No need to buy special soap. Any soap can wash away bacteria. [14] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Whatever the pain, make sure the wound is thoroughly cleaned and dried. [15] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source Wash wound until completely clean of soap and any dirt. [16] X Trusted Source National Health Service (UK) Go to Source
- You can also use povidone iodine (povidone iodine) disinfectant to disinfect soap and water. [17] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to the source Povidon iodide can be applied directly to the wound or placed in medical gauze. [18] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- Do not remove anything that is sticking to the flesh, such as a piece of tooth, as doing so can spread infection. [19] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
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Apply antibiotic ointment to the injured area. Antibiotic creams or ointments will prevent infection. They can also reduce swelling, relieve pain, and help wounds heal. [20] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- You can use antibiotic ointments such as neomycin, ppymyxin B, and bacitracin to fight infection. [21] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- They are available at most pharmacies and grocery stores as well as online distribution sites.
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Cover the wound with clean medical gauze. Replace with a new dry, clean, or sterile gauze when the wound is no longer bleeding and has been cleaned. This helps limit your exposure to bacteria and prevents infection. [22] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Monitor for symptoms of infection. If the bite is not too large and/or the decision is made to treat it on its own, observing and detecting signs of infection is important in preventing many serious medical problems, including sepsis. [23] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to source
- A red, hot, and very painful wound is a sign of infection. [24] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to source
- Fever and chills are also other symptoms of an infection. [25] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- If any of the above symptoms are present, a medical professional’s opinion is extremely important in order to prevent serious infections and other dangerous medical conditions. [26] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
Medical treatment
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Go see a doctor. If the bite breaks the skin or doesn’t heal with first aid, see your doctor as soon as possible. To minimize the risk of infection or nerve damage, you may need more intensive treatment than what you can do at home. [27] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- It is necessary to see a doctor when a human bite breaks the skin because then, the wound is very susceptible to infection. [28] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source Wounds should receive medical treatment for lacerations within 24 hours. [29] X Research Sources
- If the wound doesn’t stop bleeding or the bite displaced vital tissue, go to the emergency room. [30] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If you have any concerns, whether it’s the smallest bite or just a scratch coming from a person’s mouth, talk to your doctor. [31] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Describe how you were bitten to help your doctor determine how to treat you or get help if the situation is violent. [32] X Research Source
- Your doctor will examine and document your condition, including the location of the wound and the possibility of nerve or ligament damage. [33] X Research Sources
- Depending on the severity of the bite, your doctor may order blood tests or x-rays. [34] X Research Source
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Allow the doctor to remove any foreign bodies present in the wound. If there are foreign bodies in your wound, such as a tooth, your doctor will remove them, reducing the risk of infection and sometimes even relieving you of pain. [35] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
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If the bite is on the face, ask a cosmetologist to stitch the wound. With a clear bite on the face, the treating doctor should ask for the support of a cosmetologist so that after stitches, the wound recovers well with the least scarring.
- Itchy stitches is quite common. In this case, you can apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to relieve itching and prevent infection. [36] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Take antibiotics to fight infection. Your doctor will probably prescribe you several different antibiotics in the case of a human bite wound. They can minimize the risk of developing an infection.
- Your doctor may prescribe one of the following antibiotics: a cephalosporin, penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, or aminoglycosides. [37] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- Antibiotic treatment usually lasts three to five days. [38] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to source If an infection develops, you may need a longer course of treatment, up to six weeks. [39] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
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Tetanus vaccination. If you haven’t had a tetanus shot in five years, your doctor will likely order a booster shot. It helps prevent the infection that leads to tetanus, or cleft palate. [40] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- Always tell your doctor if you have never had a tetanus shot or, in the case of one, the date of your last dose. Tetanus is an infection that can be fatal. [41] X Trusted Source Centers for Disease Contrp and Prevention Go to source
- If the patient’s medical history is known, a tetanus shot may not be necessary. [42] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to source
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Infectious disease testing. If the patient’s medical history is unknown, your doctor will likely test for transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis B regularly. Not only will it help identify any potential infections, but it will also give you peace of mind. [43] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
- The transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B or herpes through human bites is quite rare. [44] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
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Use pain relievers. It’s completely normal to feel pain for a few days after being bitten. You can take over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers to reduce pain and swelling.
- Take an over-the-counter pain reliever such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Ibuprofen can also help reduce swelling after surgery.
- If over-the-counter medications don’t work for you, your doctor may prescribe a pain reliever for you. [45] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to Source
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Repair damage with plastic surgery. If there is a bite that is extremely severe and results in tissue loss, your doctor may recommend plastic surgery. This surgery restores the skin to its original condition with only a small scar.
Warning
- Do not put the injured area in your mouth. Please refrain from this usual immediate reaction. Germs in human bites are more dangerous than animal bites. Swallowing them by putting the bite in their mouth is not wise at all.
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This article was co-written by Chris M. Matsko, MD. Dr. Matsko is a retired physician with offices in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was awarded the University of Pittsburgh Cornell’s Distinguished Leadership Award. He received his PhD from Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. He holds a Research Diploma from AMWA in 2016 and a Medical Content Writing & Editorial Certificate from the University of Chicago in 2017.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 52,537 times.
Human bites are one of the most overlooked injuries because many people mistakenly assume they are not as dangerous as animal bites. [1] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to the source However, with the viruses and bacteria found in the human mouth, you need to take this bite seriously. [2] X Trusted Source PubMed Central Go to the source By carefully assessing the wound, providing first aid, and consulting a physician, you can treat a person bite wound to prevent any adverse effects dangerous side effects, such as infection.
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