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This article was co-written by George Sachs, PsyD. George Sachs is a psychologist and owner of the Sachs Center based in New York, New York. With over 10 years of experience, Dr. Sachs specializes in the treatment of ADD/ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in children, adolescents and adults. He holds a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Emory University. Dr. Sachs earned her doctorate in psychology (PsyD) from the Illinois School of Psychology, Chicago. He received clinical training at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Mt. Sinai and the Children’s Research Center. In addition, Dr. Sachs completed an internship and postdoctoral research at the Children’s Institute in Los Angeles, where he supervised and trained therapists in Sang-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. concussion (TFCBT). He is trained as a Gestalt Therapist and is certified by the Los Angeles Gestalt Associate Training Program. Sachs is the author of the books The ADD Solution for Adults, Helping Children with Trauma, and Helping Your Husband With ADD. He has appeared on NBC Nightly News, CBS and WPIX channels to discuss a holistic approach to ADD/ADHD. Sachs is also involved in writing for the Huffington Post.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 6,141 times.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a state that occurs after you experience a dangerous or terrifying incident. When that happens, your body will have a “fight or flight” response to get through it. However, with PTSD, the “fight or flight” response does not subside after the incident has ended. The patient will continue to feel the aftertaste of danger for a long time afterward. Here are the typical signs so you can assess for yourself if you or a loved one is suffering from PTSD.
Steps
Assess your risk of PTSD
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Learn PTSD. Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a mental illness that occurs after you experience a scary or terrifying event. After that event, it is normal for you to feel a series of negative emotions such as confusion, sadness, exaggeration, hopelessness, depression, etc. – this is the mental reaction. common sense that everyone has after going through a traumatic event. However, those feelings will pass with time. With PTSD, emotional reactions like these become worse instead of disappearing. [1] X Research Resources Cplins, C., Vaegue, H., Personality Disorders, 2007.
- PTSD usually occurs when the event you experience is of a frightening and life-threatening nature. The longer you are exposed to grief, the more likely you are to develop PTSD.
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Don’t deny symptoms of PTSD just because you’ve never served in the military. Because PTSD is traditionally thought to be associated only with veterans, some people who have never been in combat often don’t recognize their symptoms. If you have recently experienced a traumatic, frightening, or terrifying event, you may have PTSD. Furthermore, PTSD doesn’t just happen to victims of a life-threatening incident. Sometimes, just by witnessing a terrible event or dealing with the rest of the consequences, you can also develop PTSD. [2] X Research Resources Frueh, C., Rosen, M., Wiley, J., Clinician’s Guide to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2010.
- Events that trigger PTSD include: sexual assault, threat of a weapon, natural disaster, sudden death of a loved one, car or plane crash, torture, riot, or witnessed a murder.
- Be aware that most people’s PTSD is caused by the actions of another person rather than a natural disaster.
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Determine how long ago you experienced the terrible event. As noted above, it is normal to have strong negative emotions after experiencing a bad incident. For the first few weeks, it’s called acute stress disorder. However, after about a month, those negative feelings will disappear. You should be aware of PTSD if these feelings get worse again after a few months. [3 ] X Whitman, B., A Prospective Study of the Timing of PTSD Symptoms: Implications for Criterion C as an Early Indicator of PTSD., 2008 .
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Pay attention to risk factors that make you more likely to develop PTSD. The strange thing about PTSD is that even though two people can experience the same problem, only one person will get PTSD. There are a number of factors that make you more likely to develop PTSD if you experience a traumatic event. Remember that not everyone can develop PTSD, no matter how many factors are related to them. Factors included [4] X Research Sources Frueh, C., Rosen, M., Wiley, J., Clinician’s Guide to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2010. :
- Family history of mental illness. If you have a loved one with an anxiety disorder or depression, you have a higher risk of PTSD.
- How you react to stress. Stress is normal, but in some people, their bodies produce large amounts of chemicals and hormones that cause a negative response to stress.
- Your other experiences. If you experienced events such as abuse or abuse as a child, a recent event may worsen your inherent horror, leading to PTSD.
Recognizing the Symptoms of PTSD
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Realize the feeling of avoidance. When you have a traumatic experience, it’s easier to avoid anything that reminds you of the event. However, dealing with new memories is actually the healthiest way to deal with grief. If you have PTSD, you can find ways to avoid things that remind you of the incident. Symptoms of avoidance include [5] X Research Sources Frueh, C., Rosen, M., Wiley, J., Clinician’s Guide to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2010. :
- Refuse to think about the situation.
- Avoid people, places, or objects that remind you of the event.
- Don’t want to talk about that event.
- Distract yourself, obsessing over the activity instead of thinking about what you just went through.
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Pay attention to invasive memories. Invasive memories are memories you can’t control–they pop into your head without you having to use your brain. You may feel helpless and unable to stop them. Types of invasive memories include [6] X Cplins Research Source , C., Vaegue, H., Personality Disorders, 2007. :
- True recollections of the event.
- Nightmares focus on what happened.
- A ‘show’ of images of the event that you just can’t stop.
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Pay attention if you find yourself in denial about what happened. Some people with PTSD often react to a traumatic event by denying it. They can act completely normal, as if their life has never been in trouble. This is the body’s form of anaphylaxis; Your mind will isolate the memory and information about the incident to protect your body from pain. [7] X Research Sources
- For example, a mother may deny that her son has passed away. She could continue to talk to the boy as if he were fast asleep instead of accepting that he had passed away.
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Notice any changes in the way you think. Over time, people can change their opinion. However, with PTSD, you will suddenly find yourself thinking about things–including people, places, and things–in a way that wasn’t possible before the traumatic incident. Changes in thinking include [8] X Research Resources Frueh, C., Rosen, M., Wiley, J., Clinician’s Guide to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2010. :
- Negative thoughts about people, places, situations, and yourself.
- Lethargy or feeling pessimistic when thinking about the future.
- Inability to feel happiness or satisfaction, feeling numb.
- Unable or finding it very difficult to communicate and maintain relationships with others.
- Having memory problems, ranging from forgetting small things to losing a significant chunk of the incident memory.
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Recognize any emotional and physical changes that occur after the traumatic event. As well as changes in thinking, noticeable emotional and physical changes are things you haven’t experienced before the incident. Keep in mind that these changes can happen from time to time–but you have to be extra careful if they keep popping up. Those changes include [9] X Whitman, B., A Prospective Study of the Timing of PTSD Symptoms: Implications for Criterion C as an Early Indicator of PTSD., 2008. :
- Insomnia (meaning the inability to fall asleep)
- Loss of appetite.
- Easy to get angry or upset and show aggression.
- No longer liking the things you used to like.
- Feeling overwhelmed with heightened guilt or shame.
- Self-destructive behaviors such as driving too fast, abusing drugs, or making careless, dangerous decisions.
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Pay attention to any reaction on high alert. After a scary or horrible event, you may find yourself constantly fearful or insecure. Things that normally wouldn’t scare you can now make you panic. A tragic incident can put your body on unnecessarily high alert, but feel necessary because of the event you’ve been through. [10] X Research Source
- For example, if you’ve ever encountered a bomb exploding near you, you may be startled or alarmed when someone drops your keys or slams the door.
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Talk to a mental health professional who has experience treating trauma patients. A psychologist or therapist can help you determine whether what you’re experiencing is a normal reaction or PTSD. Your doctor will help you find the best treatment. Treatments for PTSD include: [11] X Trusted Source National Institute of Mental Health Go to source
- Traditional talk therapy has been shown to be effective in treating PTSD symptoms as well as helping people deal with many of the problems caused by PTSD in their family, life, or work.
- Psychotherapy can take the form of exposure therapy, where you will talk more about the incident and visit places and/or people you are hiding from. It can also take the form of stress training, where you’ll be trained in healthy ways of dealing with stressful events.
- A psychiatrist may prescribe medication to relieve symptoms of depression, anxiety, or sleep disturbances.
Identify psychological states associated with PTSD
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Watch for signs of depression . Going through a horrible experience can cause a person to become depressed. If you think you have PTSD, you may also be experiencing depression. Watch out for symptoms like [12] X Research Source :
- Having trouble concentrating.
- Feelings of guilt, helplessness, or worthlessness.
- Low energy and loss of interest in favorite activities.
- The feeling of sadness does not stop, in addition, there is also a feeling of emptiness.
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Notice any feelings of anxiety . After a scary or terrifying experience, you may feel anxious. Anxiety goes beyond the normal sense of stress or anxiety that people feel. Signs of an anxiety disorder include [13] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source :
- Constantly worrying or obsessing about every problem big or small.
- Feelings of insecurity or not wanting to rest.
- Being easily agitated or feeling stressed and frustrated.
- Difficulty sleeping and feeling short of breath.
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Attention to any obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCD) tends to increase . Usually, when you feel like something is turning your life upside down, you’ll find a way to get back to normal. However, some people overreact by trying to control their surroundings. OCD can have many manifestations, but if you are concerned you have OCD, watch out for the following symptoms [14] X Trusted Source HelpGuide Go to source :
- Expect to wash your hands often. You panic when you think your skin is dirty or you are infected.
- Always check to make sure everything is in order. For example, check up to 10 times to make sure the oven is off or the door is locked.
- Sudden obsession with order. You will find yourself always tallying and arranging things so that they are harmonious and balanced.
- Refusing to throw things away because you fear something bad will happen if you do.
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Talk to someone if you are hallucinating . Hallucinations are things you feel with one of your five senses, but that don’t actually happen. That means you hear voices that aren’t real, see things that aren’t there, feel smells that aren’t there, and always feel something touching you even though it’s not. A person with hallucinations will have difficulty distinguishing between reality and fantasy. [15] X Research Source
- One way to find out if you’re hallucinating is to ask people if they feel the same way. [16] X Research Source
- Note that these hallucinations could be a sign that you have an undiagnosed mental disorder other than PTSD, like schizophrenia. Researchers have found overlaps between the two diseases. [17] X Research source . It is important that you seek help as soon as you begin to see or hear things that seem unreal.
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Seek out a specialist if you think you have amnesia. When you experience a traumatic event, your body automatically insulates you from that memory to save you from pain. You can expose yourself to amnesia by suppressing and denying that the traumatic event happened. If you suddenly feel vague about every detail of your life or lose your sense of time, you should see a therapist or someone you trust. [18] X Research Sources
Advice
- Talk to someone you trust about the horrible event you just experienced. Talking about your experience can help you release painful or negative emotions related to the incident.
Warning
- If you think you have PTSD, see your doctor right away.
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This article was co-written by George Sachs, PsyD. George Sachs is a psychologist and owner of the Sachs Center based in New York, New York. With over 10 years of experience, Dr. Sachs specializes in the treatment of ADD/ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in children, adolescents and adults. He holds a bachelor’s degree in psychology from Emory University. Dr. Sachs earned her doctorate in psychology (PsyD) from the Illinois School of Psychology, Chicago. He received clinical training at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Mt. Sinai and the Children’s Research Center. In addition, Dr. Sachs completed internships and postdoctoral research at the Children’s Institute in Los Angeles, where he supervised and trained therapists in Sang-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. concussion (TFCBT). He is trained as a Gestalt Therapist and is certified by the Los Angeles Gestalt Associate Training Program. Sachs is the author of the books The ADD Solution for Adults, Helping Children with Trauma, and Helping Your Husband With ADD. He has appeared on NBC Nightly News, CBS and WPIX channels to discuss a holistic approach to ADD/ADHD. Sachs is also involved in writing for the Huffington Post.
There are 13 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 6,141 times.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a state that occurs after you experience a dangerous or terrifying incident. When that happens, your body will have a “fight or flight” response to get through it. However, with PTSD, the “fight or flight” response does not subside after the incident has ended. The patient will continue to feel the aftertaste of danger for a long time afterward. Here are the typical signs so you can assess for yourself if you or a loved one is suffering from PTSD.
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