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Latitude and longitude are location measurements on earth. If you know how to read latitude and longitude on a map, you can determine the geographic coordinates of any point on the map. While you can easily find latitude and longitude on online maps with just one click, it’s sometimes helpful to know how to read on paper maps. To properly read latitude and longitude, you must first understand the basic concepts of these measurements. Once you’ve mastered the basics, learn how to locate latitude and longitude points on a map and pinpoint locations.
Steps
Understanding latitude and longitude
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Familiarize yourself with the concept of latitude. Latitude is the measurement of the distance of a point north or south of the equator, an imaginary line that runs across the earth’s center point between the two poles. Earth is divided into 180 parallels. These parallels run horizontally around the earth, including 90 latitude north and 90 latitude south. [1] X Research Source
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Understand the definition of longitude. Longitude is the measurement of the distance of a point east or west of an imaginary line that runs from the center of the earth from the north pole to the south pole, called the prime meridian. The meridians are a series of lines running from the north pole to the south pole, also called meridians (midday), because all places on the same meridian have noon at the same time. There are 360 meridians on both sides of the prime meridian, of which there are 180 east meridians and 180 west meridians. [2] X Research Source
- The meridian opposite the prime meridian on the other side of the earth is called the retrograde meridian. [3] X Research Sources
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Learn about latitude and longitude units. Latitude and longitude measurements are usually expressed in degrees (°), minutes (′), or seconds (″). The distance between latitudes or longitudes is 1°. For a more accurate measurement, each degree can be divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is further divided into 60 seconds (3,600 seconds in each degree in total). [4] X Research Sources
- Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees instead of absolute units (like miles or kilometers), because the earth is spherical. While the distance between latitudes is constant (60 nautical miles or 111.12 km), due to the shape of the earth, the distance between meridians decreases towards the poles. [5] X Research Sources
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Measure latitude and longitude relative to point 0. When measuring latitude in both directions, the equator is assumed to be the starting point, latitude 0°. Similarly, the prime meridian is the starting point for measuring longitude, which corresponds to 0° longitude. Each latitude or longitude index represents the distance from the origin in both directions. [6] X Research Sources
- For example, the north pole has a latitude of 90° north, that is, 90° north of the equator.
- The retrograde meridian lies at 180° both east and west from the prime meridian.
- The Great Sphinx of Giza in Egypt is located at 29°58′31″north, 31°8′15″east, that is, just below 30° north latitude and 31° east longitude relative to the prime meridian.
Determine the coordinates on the map
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Find a map with lines of latitude and longitude. Not all maps show latitude and longitude. Typically, longitudes and latitudes are found on large area maps such as atlas or smaller maps designed to describe terrain extremely accurately, such as topographic maps. In the United States, detailed topographical maps of most areas are published by the United States Geological Survey.
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Specify the location you want to find. Look at the map and locate the feature or area where you want to read the coordinates. Use a pin or pencil to mark the exact point where you want to know the coordinates.
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Define latitudes and longitudes. Latitudes are represented on a map by a series of evenly spaced horizontal lines on the map, and longitudes are represented by a series of equally spaced vertical lines from top to bottom. Look at the numbers along the edges of the map showing the coordinates of each line. These indicators are called “bars.” [7] X Research Sources
- Latitude lines are marked along the east and west edges of the map. Longitude lines are marked on the north and south edges.
- Depending on the scale of the map, the line may show fractions of degrees instead of individual degrees. For example, there are minute markers in 1 degree instead of degrees (such as 32°0′, 32°1′, etc.)
- The map also shows the position relative to the equator and prime meridian of latitudes and longitudes (North or South, East or West).
- The system of latitude and longitude should not be confused with the UTM projection, another form of grid system commonly recorded on maps. UTM indicators are usually marked in smaller font size (and without degree symbols) along the edges of the map, and UTM gridlines may be colored differently from latitudes and longitudes.
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Use a ruler to mark the latitude of the point you are looking for. Take a ruler and pencil and draw a horizontal line from the point you are looking for coordinates to the nearest east or west edge on the map. Make sure your line is parallel to the nearest parallel.
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Draw another line to mark the longitude of the point looking for coordinates. Starting at that very point, use a ruler to draw a vertical line to the north or south edge of the map. Remember that the line must be parallel to the nearest meridian.
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Estimate the latitude and longitude of the point you are looking for using the coordinate lines. Depending on the scale of the map, you can estimate the coordinates of a destination every second. Look at the intersection of the lines of longitude and latitude with the lines marked on the edges of the map to estimate coordinates by their position relative to the nearest line.
- If the map shows seconds, find the second closest to each point of latitude or longitude on the edge of the map. For example, if your latitude falls about 5″ above latitude 32°20′ north, the point where you want to determine the coordinates would be about 32°20′5″ north latitude.
- If the map shows minutes without seconds, you can estimate latitude and longitude within 6 seconds by dividing the distance between each line into 10 parts. If your meridian falls about 2/10 to the left of meridian 120°14′ east, the longitude of that point will be about 120°14′12″ east.
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Combine indicators together to determine coordinates. Geographic coordinates are where longitudes and latitudes converge at a point. Look at the latitude and longitude of the point you are defining and combine (e.g. 32°20′5″north, 120°14′12″east). [8] X Research Sources
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This article is co-authored by a team of editors and trained researchers who confirm the accuracy and completeness of the article.
The wikiHow Content Management team carefully monitors the work of editors to ensure that every article is up to a high standard of quality.
This article has been viewed 62,552 times.
Latitude and longitude are location measurements on earth. If you know how to read latitude and longitude on a map, you can determine the geographic coordinates of any point on the map. While you can easily find latitude and longitude on online maps with just one click, it’s sometimes helpful to know how to read on paper maps. To properly read latitude and longitude, you must first understand the basic concepts of these measurements. Once you’ve mastered the basics, learn how to locate latitude and longitude points on a map and pinpoint locations.
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