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Mushrooms are a delicious ingredient that enhances the flavor of pizzas, pastas, salads and more. It’s best to let mycologists (mushroom scientists) study edible wild mushrooms. However, if you still want to identify edible mushrooms, you must be very cautious. Observe the mushrooms in your area and find many reliable sources of information. When eating an unknown mushroom, you should watch out for unusual symptoms and seek medical attention.
Steps
Observe the mushroom and consider it carefully
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Look for mushrooms that don’t have the white ray leaves under the caps. Look for mushrooms with brown or skin-colored rays. Although some edible mushrooms also have white ray leaves, most deadly poisonous mushrooms always have white ray leaves. [1] X Research Source
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Choose mushrooms that don’t have red on the caps or stems. Choose mushrooms with white, skin-colored or brown caps and stems. Many red mushrooms are poisonous. [2] X Research Source
- The red fungus is using its natural warning system, i.e. color, to send a signal to predators – including you – to stay away.
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Look for mushrooms that don’t have scales on their hats. Avoid mushrooms that have light or dark patches or scales on the caps, which can look like spots. These scaly spots are common in many species of poisonous mushrooms. [3] X Research Sources
- For example, white fungus may have skin-colored or brown scaly patches.
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Look for mushrooms that don’t have a ring around the stem. Check under the mushroom cap to find a second ring that looks like a small hat underneath the mushroom cap. If you see this ring on the mushroom you’re looking at, don’t pick it. This is a feature of many poisonous mushrooms. [4] X Research Sources
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Bring two baskets. Put the mushrooms that you believe are edible in one basket, and the less certain mushrooms in the other. You won’t get poisoned if you just pick poisonous mushrooms. Ask a fungal expert to identify cultures that you’re not sure about. [5] X Research Sources
- You can contact a mycologist through mycology groups or at your local university.
- Edible mushrooms do not grow in a certain location. They can be found in trees, on logs, on the ground in forests or on mossy carpets.
- You do not need to wear gloves when picking mushrooms.
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Don’t eat a mushroom when you’re not 100% sure what it is. Use extreme caution when picking mushrooms, as many species of poisonous and non-poisonous mushrooms are similar in appearance. Some fungi can change their appearance depending on the growing environment, making identification difficult. [6] X Research Sources
- For example, mushrooms of the same species can change color depending on exposure to the sun.
- Experts recommend never eating mushrooms that you have not identified at least 3 times in the wild. You must be certified by an expert to have identified the correct fungus on all 3 occasions. [7] X Research Sources
Identify common edible mushrooms
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Look for pine mushrooms (Porcini mushrooms) with medium-sized skin-colored or brown caps. Look for pine mushrooms in the vicinity of spruce, fir, and pines. This mushroom is usually harvested in early autumn in the lowlands and in summer in the higher regions. Pine mushrooms have a fat body close to the ground and tapering towards the mushroom cap. [8] X Research Sources
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Observe the small, concave mushroom cap in the middle to identify the Chanterelles fungus. Look for yellow to dark yellow mushrooms with curled and raised edges. The mushroom is shaped like a trumpet and is fat where it meets the hat. The fungus usually grows under hardwoods and conifers during the fall and early spring. [9] X Research Source
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Find Puffball mushrooms by looking at the white or skin-colored spherical caps. Notice the unique shape of the dense spikes on the cap of the Puffball mushroom that you can brush off easily. Puffball mushrooms often grow along trails and forest edges in the fall and winter. [10] X Research Source
- Cut the Puffball mushrooms in half to check if they are still tasty. The inside of the mushroom should be white. Mushrooms will no longer be edible if the inside is yellow or brown.
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Observe the long, cylindrical caps with peeling scales of Shags. Observe the blade-like rays that grow close together on the hollow stem. This fungus grows well in urban areas where the weather is humid and cool. [11] X Research Source
- Avoid picking mushrooms that grow near a high-traffic road as they can be contaminated with vehicle exhaust.
Learn more about edible mushrooms
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Join the mushroom research group. Search online for local mushroom research groups. If you are in the US, you can find the directory of the North American Mycpogical Association. These groups support fungal research, and many offer classes or meetings to educate the public. [12] X Research Source
- Some groups even organize picnics or outdoor events for those who want to learn more about gathering.
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Buy a local guide to mushrooms. Go to a bookstore or go online to find a guide to mushrooms in your area. You can bring the book when you go mushroom hunting and practice skills in identifying different species of mushrooms. It will also help you get used to the common edible and poisonous mushrooms. [13] X Research Source
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Find mushroom classes in college. Ask the enrollment department at your local university if there are audition classes in mycology. You can develop mushroom identification skills and learn more about edible mushrooms.
- If your local college has classes that you can apply for, consult with mycology groups to see what classes or resources they recommend.
Seek medical attention after eating unidentified mushrooms
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Pay attention to gastrointestinal discomfort within 1-24 hours. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop diarrhea, vomiting, blood in your vomit or stools, or intestinal cramping after eating unspecified mushrooms. In the emergency room, you may be given fluids to replace lost fluids and detoxify the fungus that is causing your symptoms. [14] X Research Source
- In some cases, gastrointestinal symptoms can progress to kidney failure if not treated promptly.
- Even if you are embarrassed that eating mushrooms can cause poisoning, do not hesitate to seek medical attention. Doctors only care about your health.
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Pay attention to symptoms of increased salivation, tears, milk, or sweat. Call emergency services right away if you have an involuntary nervous system reaction, such as profuse or uncontrolled sweating, or watery eyes. These symptoms can occur within 15-30 minutes after eating mushrooms. Act quickly, as these symptoms can progress to visual disturbances, low blood pressure or shortness of breath. [15] X Research Source
- Due to the risk of rapid progression of symptoms of nervous system incontinence, it is best to call for help rather than trying to drive yourself to the emergency room.
- In the emergency room, your doctor may prescribe atropine, an antidote that works to treat most symptoms. Most people recover completely within 24 hours, but respiratory failure can occur if left untreated.
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Do not ignore any phenomena such as visual distortions, hallucinations, or excessive sleepiness. Seek emergency services if you have symptoms of a central nervous system disorder, such as drowsiness or hallucinations. Some species of mushrooms, when ingested, can cause severe central nervous system reactions such as convulsions and even coma. [16] X Research Source
- The medical staff can take care of you if you are nervous or dehydrated.
- These symptoms usually go away on their own without any lasting damage.
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Be on the lookout for symptoms that return after being treated. Pay attention to any physical and mental symptoms that come back after you appear to have “recovered”. Some deadly poisonous mushrooms, such as those of the genus Amanita, can cause symptoms for up to 24 hours, when the victim appears to be doing well, causing relapses and organ failure.
- If you have any reason to suspect that you have eaten Amanita mushrooms, do not wait until symptoms appear. Go to the emergency room immediately. Tell your healthcare provider about the Amanita mushroom you have eaten, how much, and how long ago.
- If there are any pieces of fungus left, bring it to the medical staff for analysis.
Warning
- Never eat any mushroom based on information you read online, including this article. Even if that information comes from a reliable source, human error can still occur in the identification of fungi.
- Ingesting poisonous mushrooms can have serious consequences, including illness, organ failure, and even death. It is best to eat only mushrooms that are labeled edible that are sold at the grocery store.
X
This article is co-authored by a team of editors and trained researchers who confirm the accuracy and completeness of the article.
The wikiHow Content Management team carefully monitors the work of editors to ensure that every article is up to a high standard of quality.
This article has been viewed 32,589 times.
Mushrooms are a delicious ingredient that enhances the flavor of pizzas, pastas, salads and more. It’s best to let mycologists (mushroom scientists) study edible wild mushrooms. However, if you still want to identify edible mushrooms, you must be very cautious. Observe the mushrooms in your area and find many reliable sources of information. When eating an unknown mushroom, you should watch out for unusual symptoms and seek medical attention.
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