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Lemon basil, also known as colored nettle, fire nettle, or perilla leaf, is grown for its patterned leaves. Lemon basil leaves come in eye-catching colors such as white, yellow, red, pink, purple, dark brown, bronze, and many other green varieties. Lemon basil makes for an indoor and outdoor appeal, and despite the tropical climate outside, you’ll need to bring it indoors during the winter.
Steps
Growing Lemon Basil from Seeds
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Prepare seeds in early spring. For best results, plant the plants indoors about 8-10 weeks before the last frost is forecast in your area. [1] X Research Source If planting out of season, you can plant seeds in late spring or summer, but the plants will not grow fast and healthy. [2] X Research Source
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Prepare a small pot containing loose soil. Leave a seed tray or small pot in the house, and then pour in loose soil or potting soil for indoor plants. Lemon basil grows well in loose, well-drained soil, so mix in moss or similar, to loosen up if the soil is too tight.
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Sow seeds on the ground. Spread the seeds on the ground. Cover with a thin layer of soil 3 mm. [3] X Research Source Do not bury seeds in the soil, as they need light to germinate.
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Keep the soil moist. Water sparingly but often so that the soil maintains moisture without becoming waterlogged. [4] X Research Source If the plant is grown in a dry environment, cover the tray or pot with plastic sheeting to prevent the plant from drying out. [5] X Research Sources
- Remove the plastic sheet as soon as you see the sprouts have sprouted.
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Keep seeds in a warm place, away from direct light. Always keep the seed tray at 21°C in a place with indirect light. [6] X Research Sources[7] X Research Sources
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Plant the plant in a larger pot. If possible, remove the plastic sheet, as soon as the seeds sprout. After the seed has sprouted small cotyledons and two young leaves, it can be safely potted, or planted directly into the ground. [8] X Research Source Refer to the care instructions below to continue growing your lemon basil plant.
Growing Lemon Basil from Branch
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Cut branches from mature trees, or buy. To cut lemon basil, choose a branch that has no flowers or buds at the top. Cut directly under the leaf node, so the branch will be about 10-15 cm long. [9] X Source Research Branches can also be purchased directly, and especially there are small growable roots.
- You can get a 5-8 cm branch from a smaller lemon basil plant. [10] X Research Source
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Cut leaves. Depending on the length of the branch, one or two leaf nodes, or areas where leaves grow on the branch, will be planted in the ground. Cut off the leaves that grow from the lowest nodes, or they will rot when buried in the ground.
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Dip the bottom of the twig in a rooting stimulant (if desired). Lemon basil usually takes root fairly quickly on its own, but store-bought rooting stimulants can be used to promote plant growth. If you want to do this, follow the instructions on the sticker to prepare the stimulant mix, then dip the bottom of the twig in some solution.
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Grow in water (if desired). Most lemon balm plants grow in cups of water. Change the water every day, place the plant in indirect light, and plant it in a pot when the roots develop. [11] X Research Resources The soil treatment method below should help you.
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Plant branches in moist soil. Plant each branch in a small indoor pot. Use nutrient-rich and well-draining soil, and moisten the soil before planting. If the soil is not porous to insert the branch directly, use a pencil to make a hole and then plant the branch in. [12] X Research Source Plant the defoliated portion at the end of the branch into the ground.
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Cover the newly planted shoot with a plastic bag. Since the shoots have not yet sprouted roots, they are not able to compensate for the water loss from the leaves and stems. To prevent this, cover the entire pot with a plastic bag and the basil plant to keep moisture in the air inside. Use a stick or toothpick to prevent the plastic bag from touching the branch directly.
- Remove the bag when you see new sprouts on the plant, especially after 1–4 weeks.
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Keep the room warm and out of direct sunlight. Keep the pot of lemon basil in a room where the temperature is always at least 21°C. Allow the plant to absorb more indirect light. Once the plant has developed roots and leaves, you can continue to care for the plant according to the instructions below. You can grow plants indoors, or put them in the garden if you live in a hot climate.
- Branches purchased from nurseries are usually grown in greenhouses, and do not receive enough sunlight. Take them outside often, moving the pot from a dark spot to a sunny spot. [13] X Research Source
Caring for Lemon Basil
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Move the lemon basil plant outside. To move the plant outdoors, choose somewhere in the garden that is well-drained, with full sun or partial shade. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball, and place the plant in the same depth as it was potted before. Change the soil around the plant. You should mix about 5 cm of humus around the root ball. Lemon basil plants can be planted about half a meter apart.
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Decide on the level of sunshine. The more sunlight they receive, the more colorful they are. If possible, leave your basil plants in the sun all morning and in a shaded spot in the afternoon. However, keep the plant in a shady place. [14] X Research Source
- If your basil plant is deciduous, it may need more sun.
- According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the plant’s tolerance range for each species and state is slightly different, but most lemon balm plants do well in zones 9–10, if grown indoors during the winter. [15] X Research Source
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Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Lemon basil needs constantly moist soil, but will become waterlogged if submerged in water. In hot or windy conditions, you need to water every day or even twice a day to keep the soil moist. Increase the amount of water if the pot is dry and wilted, or discolored. [16] X Research Source
- Water directly into the soil, as wet leaves can become infected.
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Fertilize (if desired). If you want the plant to grow fast, apply a moderate amount of fertilizer with a 10-10-10 mix ratio. Fertilizers can cause weak or uneven growth, so follow one of these options to keep your plants healthy:
- Fertilize exactly according to the time indicated on the instructions, only once per season. [17] X Research Source
- Or dilute the fertilizer to about ½ or ¼ strength, and apply every two weeks. [18] X Research Sources
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Prune the lemon thyme. Prune a few branches to prevent the tree from growing too much on the top, and look good. These are the common basic pruning techniques used for lemon basil plants:
- To promote straight basil, cut the lateral branches, but do not cut the leaves growing from the stem. Do this if you want a more “tree-like” look than a bush. [19] X Research Source
- When the lemon basil has reached the desired height, prune the main top of the plant. To promote the plant to grow in many directions and become denser. [20] X Research Source
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Pruning flowers. Cut flowers from the plant as soon as they appear, helping the plant focus on developing strong roots and thick leaves instead of seeds. [21] X Research Source If you like flowers, you should cut off most of the flowers and leave only the branches where they are most visible.
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Support the tree if necessary. If the tree becomes heavy at the top or leans to one side, lightly tie the tree to a support stake with string or other soft material. This method is most suitable when the plant is grown in a pot to reduce the time it takes to process the plant. [22] X Research Source
- You can prevent the plant from tilting to one side by regularly changing its direction towards the light. [23] X Research Sources
Protect Plants from Cold, Pests, and Diseases
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Grow lemon balm plants indoors when the weather is cool. Bring the tree into the house when it sees frost, just one frost can be enough to kill the tree. [24] X Sources of Study Some lemongrass plants can tolerate if nighttime temperatures are frequently below 16°C. [25] X Research Source When growing indoors, always keep plants moist, and stop fertilizing.
- During the winter, increase the shade of the tree frequently, until the tree is completely shaded. Sudden changes can cause a tree to drop its leaves. [26] X Research Sources
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Kill cotton aphids. Cotton aphids are one of the most common pests of lemongrass. They look like tufts of white fuzz on stems and leaves, and can be wiped off with a cotton ball dipped in alcohol. [27] X Research Source
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Control of beetle infestations. The beetles appear in swarms of small white insects, and/or have numerous white eggs under the leaves. For outdoor plants, buy ladybugs or natural enemies like Encarsia to kill the beetles. With houseplants, hang traps or make your own to trap them.
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Deal with other pests. With most insects, like bed bugs, you can spray them with water or wipe them with a towel. Some pests require specific methods of destruction: [28] X Research Source
- “Red Spiders” can be repelled by increasing humidity. Place a pan of water nearby and cover the affected area.
- Small black spots that fly on the soil are “small flies,” which can be treated by placing 6 mm of small gravel on the surface of the soil, or reducing watering and letting it air out.
- Get rid of snails using a beer or copper fence, or purchase a specialized snail control product.
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Prune or treat diseased leaves. Round, hairy, black, or unusually shaped spots are always a sign of fungal disease. Cut off diseased leaves immediately, then disinfect scissors or shears with boiling water or rubbing alcohol to avoid spreading the disease to other leaves. [29] X Research Sources
- A fungicide spray is available at your garden supply store if the disease continues to spread.
Advice
- If the frosts have passed but you still haven’t grown your lemon basil seedlings indoors, you can sow the seeds directly in the garden. If done this way, put the seedlings that grow too close together and plant them elsewhere. You can plant them in pots 5 cm or larger.
- If you want to grow lemon basil with colorful and exotic leaves, pull out the seedlings with normal green leaves. Wait until the leaf is fully mature (the second layer of the leaf) before making a decision.
X
wikiHow is a “wiki” site, which means that many of the articles here are written by multiple authors. To create this article, volunteer authors have edited and improved the article over time.
There are 9 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,586 times.
Lemon basil, also known as colored nettle, fire nettle, or perilla leaf, is grown for its patterned leaves. Lemon basil leaves come in eye-catching colors such as white, yellow, red, pink, purple, dark brown, bronze, and many other green varieties. Lemon basil makes for an indoor and outdoor appeal, and despite the tropical climate outside, you’ll need to bring it indoors during the winter.
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