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Citizenship in the European Union (EU) includes the right to work, travel and study in EU member states without a visa. It can take several years for you to get EU citizenship. To do this, you must apply for naturalization in an EU country. The naturalization process will vary from country to country. In general, you need to live in the host country for several years, gather proof of eligibility for citizenship and submit your application. You may also be required to take a citizenship and language test and pay an application fee. If you have lived in an EU country for a relatively long time, you will most likely be allowed to naturalize.
Steps
Meet the conditions for naturalization
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Reside in an EU member state. If you are not already living in an EU country, you need to move to an EU member state and become a resident of that country. Immigration is an especially serious and expensive decision: you have to apply for a visa, find a job, learn a new language and live in the host country for several years. [1] X Research Source
- The EU has 28 member states. Becoming a citizen of any of these countries also grants you EU citizenship. However, the conditions for becoming a citizen will vary from country to country.
- Remember that not every country in Europe is in the EU. You will not have EU citizenship if you move to Norway, North Macedonia or Switzerland.
- Note that the UK is no longer an EU member. If you naturalize in the UK, you will not have EU citizenship.
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Determine how long you have to live in an EU country for naturalization. Most countries require at least 5 years of permanent residency, others may require a longer period. Please check this information before applying for naturalization. [2] X Research Source
- For example, you have to live in Germany for 8 years to get a German passport. In France, you only need to reside for 5 years.
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Consider your spouse’s nationality. If your spouse is a citizen of an EU country, you can naturalize by marriage. Depending on the country, marrying an EU citizen can shorten the time you have to live in that country before applying for citizenship. [3] X Research Sources
- In Sweden, you usually have to reside for 5 years before applying for naturalization. However, if you are married or legally cohabiting with a Swedish citizen, you only need to reside in Sweden for 3 years before applying for naturalization. [4] X Research Sources
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Learn the main language of the country where you live. Many EU member states set language requirements before you can apply for citizenship. Some countries may require participation in language classes, others may require completion of a basic language test. Here are some countries with language conditions or language test requirements: [5] X Research Source
- Hungary
- Virtue
- Latvia
- Romania
- Denmark
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Check if you have roots in EU member states. Some EU countries allow the children or grandchildren of citizens to become citizens, even if they do not live in these countries. This principle is called jus sanguinis (principle of bloodline). [6] X Research Sources
- Ireland, Italy and Greece allow citizens’ children and grandchildren to be naturalized. Hungary allows naturalized citizens’ great-grandchildren.
- In Germany, you can only naturalize this way if your parents are citizens.
- Some countries have conditions on how long your ancestors left that country. For example, in Poland you will be naturalized when your grandparents or parents leave after 1951. In Spain, they had to leave between 1936 and 1955.
Register for naturalization
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Collect documents. Copy important documents. Do not submit originals. Although each country has different requirements, you will generally need the following: [7] X Research Sources
- Copy of birth certificate
- Copy of current passport
- Proof of residency, such as employment records, bank statements, travel documents, or a letter from a government agency with your address.
- Proof of work, such as a work certificate with the employer’s signature. If you are retired or self-employed, provide financial documentation to show that you are financially stable.
- If you are married to a citizen of your home country, you will need proof of marriage, such as a marriage certificate, birth certificates of your children and family photos.
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Fill out the application. This application will usually be posted on the website of the immigration authority of the host country. Read carefully before filling out the application. Although the content of the application will vary from country to country, you will need to include the following information:
- Full name
- Current and past addresses
- Date of birth
- Current Nationality
- Education
- Length of stay in the host country
- Family information, including parents, spouses and children
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Pay application fee. You may be charged a processing fee. This fee varies from country to country, for example: [8] X Research Source
- Ireland: 175 euros (about 4,500,000 VND)
- Germany: 255 euros (about 6,500,000 VND)
- Sweden: 1,500 Krona (about 3,700,000 VND)
- Spain: 60-100 euros (from about 1,600,000 VND to 2,600,000 VND)
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Take the citizenship test. The citizenship test shows how well you know the customs, language, laws, history and culture of the host country. These tests are rather short, but they are a condition of naturalization in many EU member states. [9] X Research Source
- In Germany, for example, you will be asked 33 questions about German history, law and culture. You must answer at least 17 questions correctly. [10] X Research Source
- The primary language of the host country will be used for this test.
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Attend a trial or interview when required. In some countries, a judge or police will interview you before you are naturalized. After completing the application, you will be notified of the time and place of the trial or interview. [11] X Research Source
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Go to the naturalization ceremony. Most countries have a naturalization ceremony for new citizens. Citizens will be sworn in at this ceremony. You may receive a naturalization certificate showing your new nationality. Once you have obtained citizenship in an EU country, you will automatically become an EU citizen. [12] X Research Source
- Normally, you will know the results of naturalization after about 3 months from the date of application. This period may be longer in some other countries.
- Naturalization ceremonies can be held in major cities or capitals.
- Attending a naturalization ceremony is often one of the conditions for you to obtain citizenship in the host country.
Improve your profile
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Avoid leaving the host country for long periods of time. You must permanently reside in the country where you intend to naturalize. This also means that you can only live in this country for a specified period of time. If you leave that country for more than a few weeks each year, you may no longer be eligible for naturalization. [13] X Research Source
- For example, if you leave France for longer than 6 months, you may no longer be eligible for naturalization here.
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Increase your annual income. Most countries will not allow naturalization unless you have a certain income level. Some countries will require proof of your work in the country itself. If you are naturalized by marriage and have not yet worked, you may be required to provide your spouse’s work information. [14] X Research Source
- In Denmark, for example, you must show that you can support yourself and your family without relying on government subsidies, such as housing assistance or social welfare. [15] X Research Source
- If you are a student, these requirements may change. You may have to graduate and work full-time to qualify for naturalization.
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Buy property in the country where you live. If you own a home or land in the country where you are applying for citizenship, you may have a better chance. In some countries, such as Greece, Latvia, Portugal or Cyprus, you can obtain citizenship by owning a certain amount of property. [16] X Research Source
Advice
- Many countries, such as Cyprus or Austria, will allow naturalization when you invest in the government, however the investment must be worth at least one million euros (about 25.2 billion VND). .
- Nationality laws vary from country to country. Make sure you research and read carefully the laws of the country where you want to naturalize.
- Having dual citizenship, including one in an EU member state, will also give you EU citizenship.
- Once you have obtained citizenship in Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia or Lithuania, you are required to renounce your previous citizenship. [17] X Research Source
Warning
- If you already have a criminal record, you may not be able to naturalize.
X
This article is co-authored by a team of editors and trained researchers who confirm the accuracy and completeness of the article.
The wikiHow Content Management team carefully monitors the work of editors to ensure that every article is up to a high standard of quality.
There are 14 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 7,220 times.
Citizenship in the European Union (EU) includes the right to work, travel and study in EU member states without a visa. It can take several years for you to get EU citizenship. To do this, you must apply for naturalization in an EU country. The naturalization process will vary from country to country. In general, you need to live in the host country for several years, gather proof of eligibility for citizenship and submit your application. You may also be required to take a citizenship and language test and pay an application fee. If you have lived in an EU country for a relatively long time, you will most likely be allowed to naturalize.
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