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This article was co-written by Lauren Kurtz. Lauren Kurtz is an expert in nature and horticulture. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Cporado, managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora City Center for the Department of Water Conservation. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.
There are 12 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 6,920 times.
Urea fertilizer is a sustainable organic fertilizer that improves soil quality, provides nitrogen to plants and increases crop yields. [1] X Research Source Urea fertilizers are usually dry granules. Despite its many benefits, urea is not without its drawbacks. If you know how to fertilize properly and understand how it interacts with other fertilizers, you can avoid adverse factors and get the most out of urea.
Steps
Individual urea fertilization
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Limit ammonia loss by applying urea on a cool day. It is best to apply urea on a cool day, when the temperature is between 0°-15.6° C and the wind is calm. When the temperature is lower, the ground will freeze and the fertilizer will be difficult to dissolve into the soil. At higher temperatures and in windy conditions, the decomposition rate of urea fertilizer will be faster than the rate of infiltration into the soil. [2] X Research Source
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Use a urea fertilizer with a urease inhibitor before planting. Urease is an enzyme that helps trigger a chemical reaction that converts urea into nitrates needed by plants. The application of urea fertilizer before planting will result in a large loss of urea before it is beneficial to the plant. By using a fertilizer with a urease inhibitor, you can slow down this chemical reaction and help retain urea in the soil. [3] X Research Sources
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Spread the urea fertilizer evenly over the ground. Urea fertilizers are packaged and sold as hard pellets or granules. You can fertilize urea with a fertilizer spreader or spread it evenly over the ground by hand. For most crops, it’s a good idea to spread the urea fertilizer near the roots or near where you’re going to plant the seeds. [4] X Research Sources
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Moisten the soil. Before being converted to nitrate, urea is converted to ammonia gas. Since gases can easily escape from the ground, fertilizing when the ground is moist will help the urea seep into the soil before the chemical reaction begins. Thus, the amount of ammonia retained in the soil will increase.
- The topsoil about 1.3 cm thick must be wet so that the ammonia gas is trapped as much as possible. You can water the ground or apply urea before it rains or within 48 hours after the snow in the field has melted. [5] X Research Sources
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Tilt the soil to mix the urea into the soil. Tilling in the garden or in the field is a great way to mix the urea into the soil before the ammonia gas evaporates. You can dig with a harrow or hoe to mix the urea into the topsoil. [6] X Research Sources
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Control the amount of nitrogen applied to potato plants. Some potato varieties can handle high nitrogen concentrations, but others cannot. You should be cautious and fertilize all potato varieties in the same way. Avoid over-fertilizing potatoes with urea.
- You can apply urea directly to potato plants or as a solution with other fertilizers, as long as the solution has 30% nitrogen or less.
- Urea solutions with a nitrogen concentration higher than 30% should only be applied to the soil before planting potatoes. [7] X Research Sources
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Fertilize cereal crops on a cool day. Urea can be applied directly to most cereal crops, but must be applied at temperatures below 16°C. When applied in warmer temperatures, crops will smell ammonia. [8] X Research Sources
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Indirect urea fertilizer for corn kernels. Only apply urea indirectly to corn by spreading urea fertilizer on the ground at least 5 cm from the corn seed. Direct contact with urea fertilizers will be toxic to corn seeds and significantly reduce the yield of maize plants. [9] X Research Source
Apply urea in combination with other fertilizers
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Determine the ideal fertilizer ratio. The fertilizer ratio, also known as the NPK number, is a 3-digit number that represents the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizer mix. If you take a soil sample for testing, you’ll be told the ideal ratio of fertilizer mix to use to compensate for nutrient deficiencies in the soil. [10] X Research Source
- Gardeners can often find the right pre-mixed fertilizer at nurseries or gardening centers. [11] X Research Source
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Combine urea with other fertilizers to create a sustainable fertilizer mix. Urea provides nitrogen for plants, but other elements such as phosphorus and potassium are also important for plant health. Fertilizers that you can safely mix and store with urea include:
- Calcium cyanamide
- Potassium Sulfate
- Potassium magnesium sulfate
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Mix urea with certain fertilizers to fertilize plants immediately after mixing. There are some fertilizers that can be mixed with urea, but they lose their potency after 2-3 days due to a chemical reaction that occurs between the chemicals of the fertilizer. These categories include:
- Sodium nitrate
- Ammonium sulfate
- Magnesium nitrate
- Diamonium phosphate
- Fertilizers containing phosphate obtained when making steel
- Phosphate stone
- Potassium chloride
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Prevent unwanted chemical reactions that damage crops. Some fertilizers will react with the urea, creating a chemical reaction that evaporates or or otherwise neutralizes the fertilizer mix. Never combine urea with the following fertilizers:
- Calcium nitrate
- Calcium ammonium nitrate
- Ammonium nitrate limestone
- Ammonium sulfate nitrate
- Nitropotash
- Potash ammonium nitrate
- Superphosphate
- Triple superphosphate [12] X Research Source
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Mix urea with a fertilizer rich in potassium and phosphorus for a balanced fertilizer. Consult the list of effective and ineffective urea miscible fertilizers to mix with urea, and select sources of phosphorus and potassium to incorporate into the fertilizer mix. Many of these fertilizers are available at nurseries and garden supply stores.
- Mix the selected fertilizers together, based on the weight of each in proportion. You can mix in a large bucket, wheelbarrow, or use a mixer. [13] X Research Source
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Spread the urea mixture evenly throughout the field. Apply a mixture of urea fertilizer similar to fertilizing individual urea, spread all over the ground evenly, then water and till the soil to mix the fertilizer into the soil.
- Urea fertilizers are lighter than other fertilizers. If using a rotary fertilizer spreader to fertilize over long distances in the field, you should leave the width below 15 m to spread evenly. [14] X Research Source
Advice
- Always follow the instructions on the fertilizer product packaging.
- This article discusses fertilizer rates. Don’t get confused with the percentage of fertilizer. Fertilizer ratio indicates how much weight a particular fertilizer needs to be mixed into the fertilizer mix. Fertilizer percentage indicates the content of each ingredient in the fertilizer mix. To determine the fertilizer percentage as a percentage, you divide each number of the percentage by the smallest of the three numbers. [15] X Research Source
Warning
- Too much nitrate in the soil can burn the plant. [16] X Research Source You can prevent tree fires by fertilizing wet soil.
- Always store urea separately from ammonium nitrate. [17] X Research Source
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This article was co-written by Lauren Kurtz. Lauren Kurtz is an expert in nature and horticulture. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Cporado, managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora City Center for the Department of Water Conservation. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.
There are 12 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 6,920 times.
Urea fertilizer is a sustainable organic fertilizer that improves soil quality, provides nitrogen to plants and increases crop yields. [1] X Research Source Urea fertilizers are usually dry granules. Despite its many benefits, urea is not without its drawbacks. If you know how to fertilize properly and understand how it interacts with other fertilizers, you can avoid adverse factors and get the most out of urea.
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