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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
This article has been viewed 287,891 times.
Male and female cats look and act similar, so it’s difficult to determine their sex by simply observing their behavior. However, you should be able to distinguish male and female cats based on a few key characteristics. Newborn kittens have immature genitals, so it’s important to wait until the cat is a few weeks old to determine their sex.
Steps
Determining Gender Based on Body Characteristics
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Approach the cat carefully. To determine the sex of a cat, you need to pick it up. Some cats don’t like that, so it’s important to give them time to feel comfortable and relaxed around you.
- Stand or crouch and let the cat come close. Let them sniff your hand after approaching you.
- If you find your cat anxious, maybe you should wait for another occasion or ask a helper to do the sex determination.
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Lift the cat’s tail. Gently hold the cat and cuddle with one hand. Use the other hand to lift the tail up to examine the genitals.
- If your cat is comfortable to touch, you can do this while sitting on a chair or couch to prevent the cat from slipping out of your hand.
- In the case of help, have that person hold the cat firmly with both hands while you lift the cat’s tail.
- If the cat does not lift its tail, gently scratch the middle of the tail and back. When touching this point, the cat will usually automatically lift its tail. [1] X Research Source
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Characterization of the male cat’s genitals. Examining a cat’s body features under the tail is the most accurate method of determining a cat’s sex. The male cat’s genital features are often easier to identify.
- A male cat’s genitals include the anus, scrotum, and penis, while a female cat’s genitals will only include the anus and the urethral opening.
- The male cat’s scrotum is covered with hair and includes two testicles, varying in size from small to as large as a cherry. The scrotum is a pouch of skin that protrudes from the back. In case the cat’s hair is long and dense, it is difficult to see the genitals clearly, you can wet the hair so that the scrotum is more visible.
- A neutered male cat still has a smaller scrotum than a normal male cat. [2] X Research Source
- The penis is located under the scrotum, beneath the skin, and extends out to the small protruding hairs between the thighs. You can imagine a male cat’s genitals shaped like a colon (:).
- The anus and urethral openings of male cats are at least 2.5 cm apart, or 1.3 cm for kittens.
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Characterization of the female cat’s genitals. If the cat’s genitals do not have male cat features, look for female cat genitalia.
- The female cat’s genitals consist of the anus and the urethral/vulva opening in a vertical slit shape. You can imagine this part like a semicolon (;). [3] X Research Sources
- The distance between a female cat’s anus and vulva will be about 1.3 cm shorter.
Determining Gender Through Other Traits
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Check hair color. To determine the sex of your cat, you can rely on their coat color; Some groups of colors are distinct identifiers that help you determine the sex of your cat.
- Female cats are usually calico or tortoiseshell cats.
- Male cats are usually more yellow than female cats, but this is not an accurate method to determine the sex of cats. [4] X Trusted Source Washington State University Cplege of Veterinary Medicine Go to source
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Observe the sex-specific behavior of unneutered cats. It is easier to determine the sex of a normal cat than a spayed cat, as they will exhibit distinctly sex-specific behaviors.
- Male cats are generally more aggressive than female cats and have a large head and thick skin. They often roam, walking for a few days at a time. Male cats mark their territory with strong-smelling urine. [5] X Research Sources
- Female cats rarely use urine to mark their territory.
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Watch for signs your cat is coming into heat or becoming pregnant. Female cats will normally go into heat every 3-5 weeks in warm weather (or stable indoor temperature). Female cats coming to this stage will have the following symptoms:
- Make sounds to attract male cats. Their cries sound like pain or groans.
- Swing your tail to reveal your genitals or lie down in a receptive position. The vulva may secrete a clear fluid.
- Rubbing on objects, owners, or other animals more than usual. [6] X Research Source
- Pregnant female cats will have a slanted and enlarged abdomen.
- Female cats after birth will have nipples protruding from the abdomen. Be careful when determining sex based on nipples, as both male and female cats have nipples.
Advice
- The best way to determine a cat’s sex is to examine their genitals. Observation of individual characteristics is not the most effective way to determine the sex of a cat, because most experts believe that the fact that male and female cats have distinct characteristics is often inaccurate. .
- In the absence of help, you should wear leather gloves and long sleeves to protect against scratches when conducting an examination of the cat’s body.
- Do not check if your cat is new to you or has been neutered. Wait until the cat is closer to you, or take them to the vet.
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This article was co-written by Pippa Elliott, MRCVS. Elliott is a veterinarian with more than thirty years of experience in veterinary surgery and pet treatment. She graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1987 with a degree in veterinary surgeon. She has worked at a veterinary clinic in her hometown for more than 20 years.
This article has been viewed 287,891 times.
Male and female cats look and act similar, so it’s difficult to determine their sex by simply observing their behavior. However, you should be able to distinguish male and female cats based on a few key characteristics. Newborn kittens have immature genitals, so it’s important to wait until the cat is a few weeks old to determine their sex.
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