(1949-)

Who Is Bruce Springsteen?

Bruce Springsteen, also known as “The Boss,” began his career by playing the bar circuit in New Jersey while assembling his famous E Street Band. His breakout 1975 record, Born to Run, united arena rock with human-size tales of working-class America. With dozens of awards under his belt, including 20 Grammys, and more than 65 million albums sold in the U.S. alone, Springsteen is one of the most successful musicians of all time. Also known for his left-leaning political causes, the artist was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama in 2016.

Early Life

Born on September 23, 1949, in Long Branch, New Jersey, Springsteen was raised in a working-class household in Freehold Borough. His father, Doug Springsteen, had trouble holding down a steady job and worked at different times as a bus driver, millworker and prison guard. Adele, Springsteen’s mother, brought in steadier income as a secretary in a local insurance office.

Springsteen and his father had a difficult relationship. “When I was growing up, there were two things that were unpopular in my house,” the singer later recalled. “One was me, and the other was my guitar.”

Years later, however, Springsteen suggested that his fraught relationship with his father had been important for his art. “I’ve gotta thank him,” Springsteen said upon his induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999, “because what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs — and I tried it in the early ’90s and it didn’t work… Anyway, I put on his work clothes and I went to work. It was the way that I honored him. My parents’ experience forged my own. They shaped my politics, and they alerted me to what is at stake when you’re born in the U.S.A.”

Springsteen first fell in love with rock ‘n’ roll when he saw Elvis Presley perform on The Ed Sullivan Show. “[Elvis] was as big as the whole country itself,” Springsteen later remembered, “as big as the whole dream. He just embodied the essence of it and he was in mortal combat with the thing. Nothing will ever take the place of that guy.” Springsteen’s mother took out a loan to buy him a $60 Kent guitar for his 16th birthday, and he hasn’t stopped playing the instrument since then.

An outsider and recluse in school, Springsteen frequently got in trouble at his Catholic elementary school. “In the third grade, a nun stuffed me in a garbage can under her desk because she said that’s where I belonged,” he said. “I also had the distinction of being the only altar boy knocked down by a priest during mass.” Several years later, he skipped his own high school graduation because he felt too uncomfortable to attend.

In 1967, an 18-year-old Springsteen was drafted for military service in the Vietnam War. But, as he later told Rolling Stone magazine, the only thought in his head as he traveled to his induction was “I ain’t goin’.” Springsteen failed his physical, largely due to his deliberately “crazy” behavior and a concussion previously suffered in a motorcycle accident. Springsteen’s 4-F classification — unfit for military service — freed him from having to go to Vietnam and allowed him to pursue music full time.

‘The Boss’ & the E Street Band

By the late 1960s, Springsteen was spending most of his time in Asbury Park on the New Jersey Shore, playing in several different bands while he forged his unique sound and introduced audiences to the gravelly baritone voice for which he would later become famous. It was there that he first met the musicians who would later form his E Street Band. Around this time, Springsteen also acquired his nickname, “The Boss,” because he had a habit of collecting money earned during shows and then distributing it evenly among his band mates.

Albums & Songs

‘Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.’

After signing with Columbia Records, Springsteen released his first studio album in 1973. Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. garnered critical acclaim but slow sales. Many compared him to Bob Dylan for his introspective lyrics and poetic style, but this did not immediately help Springsteen make it big. Springsteen and the E Street Band followed their debut with The Wild, The Innocent, & The E Street Shuffle later the same year, and again found themselves lauded by critics but largely dismissed by the public.

‘Born to Run’

In 1975, after more than a year in the studio, Springsteen released a third album, Born to Run, which peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and skyrocketed him to fame. Drawing heavily on Springsteen’s New Jersey roots, the album offered soaring guitars, larger-than-life characters, urban romance and a rebellious spirit that captured the essence of the American Dream and connected with audiences of all ages.

‘Darkness on the Edge of Town’

Springsteen’s next album, Darkness on the Edge of Town, released in 1978, was a more somber affair, emphasizing themes of lost love, depression and existential suffering. “The whole force of Darkness was a survival thing,” he said. “After Born to Run, I had a reaction to my good fortune. With success, it felt like a lot of people who’d come before me lost some essential part of themselves. My greatest fear was that success was going to change or diminish that part of myself.”

To promote the album, Springsteen and the E Street Band embarked on a cross-country tour that would make them famous for their marathon performances (three or four hours per show), boisterous behavior and infectious energy, captivating audiences from California to New York. During this time, Springsteen also became famous for his integrity and pride as a performer, as stories of his exhausting performances and perfectionism in the recording studio became legendary.

‘Born in the U.S.A.’

Darkness at the Edge of Town marked a shift in Springsteen’s musical style that he continued in his next two albums, The River (1980) and Nebraska (1982), which both explored themes about working-class Americans. Nebraska was a raw, solo acoustic effort that has been lauded by music fans for its provocative sound. But Springsteen’s explosion into rock superstardom came in 1984 when he released Born in the U.S.A. With seven singles hitting the top of the Billboard Charts—including “Glory Days,” “Dancing in the Dark,” “Born in the U.S.A.” and “Cover Me” — the album would become one of the best-selling records of all time and spark a successful world tour.

‘Tunnel of Love’

Deeply affected by his conflicted love life and failed marriage to actress Julianne Phillips, Springsteen wrote and released Tunnel of Love in 1987. The album examined themes of love, loss, confusion and heartbreak, tracing the extreme highs and lows of relationships. As Dave Marsh from Creem magazine prophetically wrote in 1975, “Springsteen’s music is often strange because it has an almost traditional sense of beauty, an inkling of the awe you can feel when, say, first falling in love or finally discovering that the magic in the music is also in you. Which may also be first falling in love.”

‘Human Touch’ amd ‘Lucky Town’

Springsteen dissolved the E Street Band in 1989 and relocated with his new wife and family to California in the early 1990s. The albums he produced during this period — Human Touch and Lucky Town, released on the same day in 1992 — came from a happier place; ironically as his personal life improved, his songs seemed to lack the emotional intensity that had made him so famous in earlier years. He was criticized by his fans for “going Hollywood” and no longer recording with the E Street Band. As happy as he may have been in his personal life, the early 1990s were not Springsteen’s glory days as an artist.

‘The Ghost of Tom Joad’ and ‘Greatest Hits’

He began to bounce back with The Ghost of Tom Joad (1995), an acoustic set musically reminiscent of Nebraska and lyrically inspired by Pulitzer Prize–winning writers and books (John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Dale Maharidge’s Journey to Nowhere: The Saga of the New Underclass). Springsteen also recorded an Oscar-winning song, “The Streets of Philadelphia,” for the movie Philadelphia, starring Tom Hanks. In 1999, Springsteen reunited the E Street Band to tour in support of a new Greatest Hits album, selling out stadiums around the world despite his long absence from the limelight. It was the same year in which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

‘The Rising’

In 2002, Springsteen and the E Street Band released their first studio album in 18 years, The Rising, which became both a critical and commercial success. Lyrically wrestling with the pain, anger and anguish caused by the September 11th terrorist attacks of 2001, the album restored Springsteen’s status as one of America’s most iconic musicians.

‘Devils & Dust,’ ‘We Shall Overcome’ and ‘Magic’

Later in the decade, Springsteen continued to experiment with different sounds. Devils & Dust (2005) was a bleak, sparse acoustic record in the vein of Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad. We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (2006) was something completely different, a throwback jamboree of folksy Americana. Magic (2007) was a more traditional rock album incorporating the full E Street Band, a record viewed by many fans and critics as the true follow-up to The Rising.

Springsteen wrote the songs on Magic in something of a blue mood, discouraged by the Iraq War and declining health of E Street keyboardist and longtime friend Danny Federici, who died in April 2008. Just a few years later, Springsteen would mourn the death of fellow E-Street founding member and saxophonist Clarence Clemons, who died of complications from a stroke.

‘Wrecking Ball,’ ‘High Hopes’ and Tours

Continuing to thrive as a performer and songwriter, in 2012 Springsteen released the album Wrecking Ball, which, along with its single “We Take Care of Our Own,” was nominated for three Grammy Awards and fueled a highly successful tour. In 2014, Springsteen released High Hopes, his 18th studio album, which shot to the top of the U.S. and U.K. music charts. The High Hopes Tour followed and was considered to be a continuation of the record-breaking Wrecking BallTour. In April of that same year, the E-Street Band was inducted into the Rock Roll Hall of Fame.

‘The Ties that Bind,’ Memoir and ‘Western Stars’

Showing few signs of slowing down, in 2015 Springsteen celebrated the 35th anniversary of The River with a tour and a box set entitled The Ties That Bind: The River Collection, which included previously unreleased songs. Springsteen followed in 2016 with his memoir, Born To Run, along with a companion album entitled Chapter and Verse, which included five previously unreleased songs, some dating back to the 1960s.

In June 2019, Springsteen released Western Stars, his first full album of original material in seven years. Filled with its creator’s usual vivid character depictions, the album also featured what Pitchfork described as “sweeping orchestral accompaniments unlike anything in his catalog.”

‘Letter to You’

Springsteen released his 20th studio album featuring the E Street Band, Letter to You, on October 23, 2020. He also released an accompanying special on Apple TV +.

‘Springsteen on Broadway’

In 2017 Springsteen made his Broadway debut in Springsteen on Broadway. Held at the Walter Kerr Theatre, the solo effort featured the artist performing some of his hits and sharing stories of his influences and formative years. After receiving a special Tony Award in June 2018, presented by Billy Joel, Springsteen closed out his show at the end of the year.

The following summer Springsteen’s music was the focal point of the feature Blinded by the Light, about a British teenager of Pakastani descent who draws inspiration from the working-class yearnings of the Boss. According to director Gurinder Chadha, Springsteen expressed his appreciation of the film after a screening, saying, “Thank you for looking after me so beautifully.”

Politics

Springsteen’s liberal politics became more pronounced as he became a strong backer of 2008 Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. When Obama won the election, “The Rising” was the first song played at the victory party, and Springsteen went on to open the show at Obama’s inaugural celebration.

Honoring Springsteen at the Kennedy Center in 2009, Obama said, “I may be the President, but he is ‘The Boss.’” Springsteen campaigned for President Obama’s reelection in 2012, and Obama later named the music icon a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Springsteen was also tapped as one of the performers during a prime-time virtual celebration for Joe Biden’s presidential inauguration in 2021.

Marriages

After the whirlwind of commercial success that followed Born in the U.S.A., Springsteen met and married actress Julianne Phillips in 1985. The marriage quickly began to fall apart, however, and Springsteen began an affair with E Street Band backup singer Patti Scialfa, who shared his working-class New Jersey background. Phillips filed for divorce in 1989. Springsteen moved in with Scialfa and they had two children together before officially marrying in 1991. Their third and last child was born in 1994.

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QUICK FACTS

• Birth Year: 1949
• Birth date: September 23, 1949
• Birth State: New Jersey
• Birth City: Long Branch
• Birth Country: United States
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Bruce Springsteen is an arena rock star and a well-regarded singer-songwriter. His best-known songs chronicle Springsteen’s working-class roots in New Jersey.
• Industries
• Rock
• Astrological Sign: Libra

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Bruce Springsteen Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/musicians/bruce-springsteen
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: January 19, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014