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This article was co-written by Danielle Jacks, MD. Danielle Jacks is a medical doctor with the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans. She received her doctorate from Oregon Health and Science University in 2016.
There are 14 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 7,204 times.
A hamstring cyst (also known as a Baker’s cyst) is a sac of fluid (cyst) behind the knee that causes tightness, pain, and stiffness in the knee, which gets worse with movement. The buildup of synovial fluid (the fluid that lubricates the knee joint) when the knee is under pressure causes swelling and cyst formation behind the knee. To treat a Baker’s cyst you must rest your leg and deal with the underlying cause of the cyst, such as arthritis. If you think you have a Baker’s cyst you should see your doctor to rule out other more serious problems, like blood clots or clogged arteries.
Steps
Treatment of cysts at home
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Know the difference between a Baker’s cyst and a more serious condition. You can treat a Baker’s cyst on your own at home, but first make sure it’s a Baker’s cyst and not any other condition that requires medical intervention, such as deep vein thrombosis or arterial occlusion. If you notice swelling or purple spots on your toes and feet, seek medical attention right away.
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Let your knees rest. You should rest your knee until it no longer hurts under pressure. Notice how pain occurs around or behind the knee while bending and extending the leg. Try to give the knee maximum rest for at least 1-2 days. [1] X Research Source
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Apply ice around the cyst. You should apply a cold compress to your knee injury as soon as possible to reduce inflammation and swelling and relieve pain. Each time you should only apply for 15-20 minutes, then let the area cool down (additional 15-20 minutes) before applying again. The appropriate application time is the first 1-2 days after the injury, with the frequency depending on the need. [2] X Research Source
- Wrap a towel around an ice pack (or something frozen like a bag of frozen peas) before applying it.
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Use tape. Rolled bandages help reduce swelling in the injured area and stabilize the knee joint. Wrap an elastic band (ACE Bandage-S), sports tape, a splint, or even a piece of cloth around the injury. [3] X Research Sources
- The wrapping force should be tight enough to immobilize the knee joint, but not so tight that it cuts off blood circulation.
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Elevate your legs. Elevating the legs also helps reduce swelling because blood flows back to the heart. While lying down, raise your legs above your heart (or as high as you can without causing pain). If you can’t raise your leg, you should at least keep it parallel to the ground. [4] X Research Sources
- Elevate your legs while you sleep by placing a few pillows underneath.
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Take an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever. To reduce pain and swelling you can take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and naproxen. [5] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source Take the medication with water after eating and follow the dosage instructions indicated on the label.
- Children and adolescents under 19 years of age should not take aspirin because of the potential for Reye’s syndrome (liver and brain damage), especially if they have chickenpox or the flu. [6] X Research Source Consult your doctor before giving aspirin to children.
- Many medical professionals recommend that you consult your doctor before taking an NSAID if you have liver, kidney, or stomach problems. [7] X Research Sources
Go to the doctor
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Let your doctor assess the condition of the injury. Your doctor can find the cause of the cyst and treat it definitively. Causes can be knee injuries, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, cartilage or tendon injuries and so on. [8] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to source
Go back to the doctor if the cyst is enlarged. Enlarged cysts can cause your calf to swell as it presses on nearby blood vessels. Therefore, you need to see a doctor if the cyst is enlarged. Let your doctor examine you and follow their treatment.
- When making an appointment, tell the clinic that you are concerned that the cyst is growing.
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Tell your doctor if the cyst ruptures. Even if you go to the doctor to develop a treatment plan, you still need to be re-examined if you suspect a ruptured cyst or experience other complications. When a Baker’s cyst ruptures, fluid leaks into the calf area and leads to: [9] X Reliable Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Feeling of water running down the calf
- Red and swollen
- Sharp pain caused by fluid leakage and then inflammation, leading to blood clotting.
- Because these symptoms are similar to those of blood clots, it’s important to see your doctor right away just in case you need treatment for a blood clot. Thrombolysis can be life-threatening. [10] X Trusted Source National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Go to the source If your doctor says there’s no risk of complications from a ruptured cyst, your leg will slowly absorb fluid over 1-hour periods. 4 weeks, besides they also prescribe pain medicine for you. [11] X Research Source
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Ask your doctor about steroid injections. Clinical studies have shown that swelling, pain, and range of motion improve after corticosteroids are injected directly into the Baker’s cyst for patients with osteoarthritis that causes this cyst. [12] X Research Sources Bandinelli F. et al. Longitudinal ultrasound and clinical fplow-up of Baker’s cysts injection with steroids in knee osteoarthritis. Clinical Rheumatology. April 2012 Vp. 31 Issue 4, p727 The doctor will inject a corticosteroid shot directly into the cyst cavity to reduce inflammation and swelling.
- They may have to use an ultrasound machine to look at the cyst as the needle is inserted.
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Ask your doctor about drainage in the cyst. The synovial fluid in the cyst can be drained out, and if you have a secondary cyst (fluid buildup in the front and back of the knee) your doctor can also drain fluid from the front or side of the knee. After draining, the knee will be more comfortable because the swelling and pain are reduced, the movement is also smoother. The doctor uses the ultrasound machine to precisely push the needle into the synovial fluid and pull the plunger to drain the fluid. [13] X Research Sources Di Sante L. et al. Ultrasound-guided aspiration and corticosteroid injection of Baker’s cysts in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective observational study. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2010 Dec;89(12):970-5.
- The needle used to aspirate synovial fluid in the cyst is 18G-20G in size because the fluid has a viscous consistency.
- Depending on the amount of fluid in the cyst or the number of sites where the fluid collects, the doctor may need to aspirate more than once.
- It is quite common to have to drain (drainage) after a steroid injection. Many studies show improved symptoms and better knee function after patients undergo these two procedures. [14] X Research Sources Bandinelli F. et al. Longitudinal ultrasound and clinical fplow-up of Baker’s cysts injection with steroids in knee osteoarthritis. Clinical Rheumatology. April 2012 Vp. 31 Issue 4, p727[15] X Research Sources Di Sante L. et al. Ultrasound-guided aspiration and corticosteroid injection of Baker’s cysts in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective observational study. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2010 Dec;89(12):970-5.[16] X Research Source Koroglu M. et al. Ultrasound guided percutaneous treatment and fplow-up of Baker’s cyst in knee osteoarthritis. November 2012 Vpume 81, Issue 11, Pages 3466–3471
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Cyst surgery. This is a last resort if symptoms do not go away, other treatments have failed, or the cyst grows too large. The patient is anesthetized, then the surgeon makes many small incisions (3-4mm) around the cyst to drain the synovial fluid. They don’t remove the entire cyst because it usually heals on its own. After draining the fluid, the doctor will stitch the incision. [17] X Research Source
- This procedure usually takes about an hour (or less depending on the size of the cyst). The larger the cyst, the more time it takes to operate because the swelling covers the nerves and blood vessels.
- Your doctor will prescribe pain medication for you if needed.
- After you go home you should do RICE therapy (rest, ice, compression and elevation).
- They may suggest that you use crutches or a cane for several days afterward so that the knee doesn’t put pressure on it.
Maintains joint and muscle health with Baker’s cyst
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Physiotherapy practice. Inflammation in the area around Baker’s cyst causes muscle tightness and stiffness. [18] X Source of Research You should perform painless stretching exercises to rehabilitate this area, keep muscles and joints flexible, and prevent possible weakness and/or stiffness in the muscles and joints around in the future.
- You should focus on the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, and calves. [19] X Research Source
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Perform a hamstring stretch. Find a stool about 50cm high, place the foot of the uninjured leg on the chair, knees slightly bent. Bend forward but keep your back straight until you feel a stretch in your thighs. Hold this position for 30 seconds. [20] X Research Sources
- Practice 2 times a day, 3 beats each time, before and after doing another exercise.
- If it doesn’t feel tight enough, lean slightly toward the stretched leg, as well as forward. [21] X Research Source
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Perform the hamstring stretch lying position. Lie flat on your back, bending your knees over the leg you want to stretch. With one hand behind your thigh and the other behind your calves, pull your legs toward you with both hands, keeping your knees bent about 20°. You should feel a stretch in the back of your thigh. Hold this position for 30 seconds. [22] X Research Source
- Practice 2 times a day, 3 times each time, performed before and after exercise.
- If you can’t reach your arms and legs, wrap a towel around your legs, then perform the same stretch by pulling the towel. [23] X Research Sources
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Perform a seated hamstring stretch. With this exercise, you have to sit on the edge of a chair. Bend the strong leg as in a normal sitting position and place the injured leg in front of you with the knee slightly bent. Bend forward (keeping your back straight and head up) until you feel a stretch around the back of your thighs. Hold this position for 30 seconds.
- Practice 2 times a day, 3 times each time, performed before and after exercise. [24] X Research Sources
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Knee bend exercises. In a sitting position, do as many bends and straightens your knees as possible without causing pain. This exercise helps maintain normal knee range of motion. [25] X Research Sources
- If you don’t feel pain, you can do 20 reps a day.
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Exercise the quadriceps static muscle contraction. Wrap a towel around and place it under your knees while your legs are straight. Press your knees against the towel to tighten your thighs (quadriceps), which you can feel by placing your fingers on the quadriceps. [26] X Research Sources
- Hold that position for 5 seconds each time, repeat 10 times, and try to press the knee as hard as possible as long as it doesn’t hurt.
Advice
- If you are obese, you should lose weight after the cyst heals because being overweight puts a lot of pressure on the knee and will cause damage later.
Warning
- Don’t try to force yourself to walk when your foot has a Baker’s cyst.
- This article provides information on Baker’s cysts but should not be taken as medical advice, and consult your doctor before developing a treatment plan.
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This article was co-written by Danielle Jacks, MD. Danielle Jacks is a medical doctor with the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans. She received her doctorate from Oregon Health and Science University in 2016.
There are 14 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 7,204 times.
A hamstring cyst (also known as a Baker’s cyst) is a sac of fluid (cyst) behind the knee that causes tightness, pain, and stiffness in the knee, which gets worse with movement. The buildup of synovial fluid (the fluid that lubricates the knee joint) when the knee is under pressure causes swelling and cyst formation behind the knee. To treat a Baker’s cyst you must rest your leg and deal with the underlying cause of the cyst, such as arthritis. If you think you have a Baker’s cyst you should see your doctor to rule out other more serious problems, like blood clots or clogged arteries.
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