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This article was co-written by Mohiba Tareen, MD. Mohiba Tareen is a dermatologist and founder of Tareen Dermatpogy based in Roseville, Maplewood and Faribault, Minnesota. Dr. Tareen completed her medical degree at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where she was inducted into the prestigious Alpha Omega Alpha society. During her time as a resident in dermatology at Cpumbia University in New York City, she won the New York Dermatological Society’s Conrad Stritzler Award and appeared in The New England Journal of Medicine. Tareen then completed a doctoral program specializing in skin surgery, laser and cosmetic dermatology.
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Electrical burns occur when a person comes into contact with an electrical source – grounded electrical equipment, for example – and is subjected to an electrical current through the body. The extent of burns can vary from first degree to third degree, depending on the amount of time exposed to the electric current, the magnitude and type of current, and the direction of the current passing through the body. If you have a second or third degree burn, the burn can be very deep and cause paralysis. Electrical burns can lead to complications due to the impact on internal organs, not just contact with the outer flesh. With a little preparation, you can know exactly how to react in case you or someone near you gets an electrical burn.
Steps
Treatment of severe electrical burns
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Do not touch the victim while they are still in contact with the power source. The first thing you need to do is turn off electrical appliances or cut off the main power in the house to cut off the current flowing through the victim’s body. [1] X Research Source
- If the power cannot be turned off immediately, stand on a dry surface – such as a rubber mat or a stack of papers or books – and use a wooden object such as a broom handle to push the victim away from the power source. [2] X Research Source Do not use any wet or metal objects.
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Do not move the victim unless necessary. Once the victim is no longer exposed to the current, try not to move them unless absolutely necessary. [3] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Check to see if the victim is responsive. The victim may be unconscious or unresponsive when you touch or talk to them. If the person is not breathing, perform CPR and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). [4] X Research Sources
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Call 911 for assistance. Electrical burns can affect the electrical activity of the heart. [5] X Source of Research Call 911 or another emergency number, especially if the victim is unresponsive, or has a burn from a high-voltage power line, or is struck by lightning. [6] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- If the victim’s heart stops beating, you need to perform CPR.
- Even if the casualty is awake, you should call 911 if he or she has severe burns, rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, convulsions, trouble walking or balancing, problems vision or hearing problems, red or blackish-red urine, mental confusion, pain and muscle cramps, or trouble breathing. [7] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source[8] X Research Source
- Note that the victim may have kidney, nervous system and bone damage.
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Treat the burned area while you wait for medical help.
- Cover the burn with a dry sterile gauze dressing. [9] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source For severe burns, do not attempt to remove pieces of clothing stuck to the skin. However, you can cut off any un-sticky clothing around the burned skin, especially since they can cause trouble when the skin is swollen.
- Do not cover the burn with a blanket or towel, as the loose fibers may stick to the wound. [10] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- Do not try to cool the burned area with water or ice.
- Do not apply grease to the burned skin.
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Examine the victim for symptoms of shock . Victims may have chills, moist and cold skin, paleness, and/or rapid pulse. Watch for any of these symptoms to notify the emergency team when they arrive.
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Keep the victim warm. Try to get the victim out of the cold, a factor that makes shock symptoms worse. If you use a blanket to cover the victim, you need to avoid the burned area while you wait for emergency personnel to arrive. [11] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Follow the doctor’s instructions. Depending on the severity of the shock and burn, emergency physicians and nurses will likely perform a variety of tests and select treatments.
- They will usually order blood and urine tests to check for damage to the muscles, heart, and other organs. [12] X Research Source
- An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the heart’s electrical activity to make sure the shock isn’t causing an arrhythmia. [13] X Research Source
- For severe burns, medical staff may take a scan to look for dead tissue that needs to be removed. [14] X Research Source
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Adhere to the treatment regimen. Doctors often prescribe pain relievers because burns can be very painful while they are not healing. You will probably be prescribed an antibiotic ointment or cream to apply to the burned area when changing the dressing as directed. [15] X Research Source
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Watch for signs of infection. Treatment will usually include antibiotics to keep the burn from becoming infected. However, you should also watch for signs of infection and see a doctor as soon as you notice the wound starts to become infected. In this case, the doctor will prescribe a stronger antibiotic. Potential signs of infection include: [16] X Research Source
- Discoloration in the burned skin or surrounding skin
- Skin turns purplish red, especially if swelling is present
- Change in the thickness of the burn (the burn suddenly grows deep into the skin)
- Green or pus discharge
- Fever
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Change the bandage regularly. Change the bandage every time it gets wet or dirty. Wash your hands or wear gloves to clean the burn with water and mild soap, apply extra antibiotic ointment (if directed by your doctor), and cover with sterile non-stick gauze.
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Talk to your doctor about surgical options in the case of severe burns. For third-degree burns, your doctor may recommend several surgical options, based on the extent and location of the burn. Some options include: [17] X Research Sources
- Decompression, a method of removing dead or severely damaged tissue to prevent infection, inflammation, and to help the wound heal.
- Skin graft or skin flap, a process of replacing lost skin with healthy skin taken from another site to aid in the healing process and prevent infection.
- Early surgical intervention, which involves making an incision into the dead tissue to the underlying fat, can help improve blood circulation as well as relieve pressure-induced pain from swelling.
- A fasciectomy – or reducing pressure caused by swollen muscles – can help reduce damage to nerves, tissues or organs.
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Talk to your doctor about physical therapy if necessary. Severe burns can damage muscles and joints, leading to reduced mobility. You can regain flexibility in the injured area, increase mobility, and reduce pain during movement through physical therapy. [18] X Research Sources
Treatment of minor electrical burns
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Undress or remove jewelry at the burn site. Even minor burns can swell, so you need to quickly remove clothing or jewelry near the burn that could potentially cause trouble. [19] X Research Source
- If clothing gets on the burn, it’s not a minor burn, and you need to call 911 immediately. Do not attempt to remove clothing that is attached to the burn, but should cut around the affected area, removing only the unaffected parts. [20] X Research Source
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Wash the burned area with cool water until the pain is gone. Cool water will lower the temperature on the skin, even helping the burn not get worse. [21] X Source of Study Place burned skin under cold running water or soak in cold water for about 10 minutes. Don’t worry if water doesn’t provide immediate relief: it usually takes up to 30 minutes to see an effect. [22] X Research Source
- Never use ice or ice, as extreme cold can cause further tissue damage. [23] X Research Sources
- You can soak burned arms, hands, feet, and legs in a basin of cool water, and apply cool compresses to the burn on your face or body. [24] X Research Source
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Hand washing. You will have to wash the burn to reduce the risk of infection. However, it is extremely important to wash your hands thoroughly before handling a burn, as blisters that break open can easily become infected. [25] X Research Sources
- This also means using only clean cloths, gauze and gloves, or whatever is used to treat burns should also be clean.
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Do not break blisters. Burn blisters are not the same as minor abrasions, but peeling can help relieve pain. Do not burst any blisters from burns; Otherwise, the risk of infection will be very high. [26] X Research Sources
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Wash the burned area. Use mild soap and cool water to wash the burned skin. [27] X Source of Study Rub soap gently so as not to burst blisters or irritate skin.
- Some pieces of leather may come off during washing. [28] X Research Sources
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Pat the skin dry. Use only a clean cloth to dry the skin. Do not use a cloth to rub the burn. It is best to use sterile gauze if available.
- In the case of a very mild first-degree burn, that may be all you need to do to treat the burn.
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Apply antibiotic ointment. You can use ointments such as Bacitracin or Ppysporin each time you wash the burn. [29] X Research Source Do not spray creams or apply butter on burns as they can prevent heat from escaping.
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Bandage the burn. Use a clean bandage to cover the burned skin. Change the bandage every time it gets wet or dirty to avoid infection. [30] X Source of Study Avoid dressing too tightly, or you will further damage the burn.
- No dressing is needed if the burned skin is not broken or the blisters are not broken. However, you should apply a bandage if the affected area is in an area that is prone to contamination or irritation from clothing rubbing. [31] X Research Source
- Do not use adhesive tape to secure the bandages so that the hands, arms or legs are constricted. This can cause swelling. [32] X Research Source
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Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help ease mild pain symptoms. Use according to the instructions.
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Consider contacting your doctor. Electrical burns, even if they appear to be minor, can lead to symptoms that prompt you to see a doctor. You need to see a doctor if: [33] X Research Source
- Feeling dizzy or weak
- Stiffness or muscle pain
- Confusion or memory loss
- Questions or concerns about your condition or care
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Watch for signs of infection. Infection is less likely with minor first-degree burns. However, you should always keep an eye on the burn and look for signs of infection if present, especially if there are blisters or lacerations. See your doctor promptly for a prescription for antibiotics if you think the burn is infected. Signs may include: [34] X Research Source
- Change in color on the burned skin or surrounding skin
- Skin turns burgundy, especially when accompanied by swelling
- Change in the thickness of the burn (the burn suddenly goes deep into the skin)
- Green or pus discharge
- Fever
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Have your doctor check for large blisters. If large blisters appear on the burn, you should see a doctor for treatment. Large blisters are rarely left intact and unbroken, so it is better to see a doctor to remove them with aseptic and cautious measures. [35] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
- A blister is considered large when it is larger than the nail of the little finger. [36] X Trusted Source Mayo Clinic Go to Source
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Change the bandage often. Change the dressing whenever it becomes wet or dirty. Wash the burn (using clean hands or gloves) with water and mild soap, apply antibiotic ointment, and cover with sterile gauze.
Advice
- Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment until it has been thoroughly checked to ensure that no power is present in the appliance.
- Use plugs on electrical outlets in the house to protect children’s safety.
- Replace worn or frayed power cords.
- When calling an ambulance, say that you are helping someone with an electrical burn. They will guide you through first aid steps.
- Keep a fire extinguisher nearby when working with electrical equipment.
- To prevent electrical burns, you should wear appropriate clothing and take precautions when repairing electrical equipment.
- Learn to identify the symptoms of first, second, and third degree burns to determine your next steps, depending on the type of burn.
- First-degree burns are the least severe, affecting only the outermost layer of skin. This type of burn causes the skin to become red and often painful. However, first-degree burns are considered mild and can be treated at home.
- Second-degree burns are more severe than first-degree burns, affecting the outermost and second layers of skin. This type of burn can cause the skin to become red, blistered, painful, and sensitive. Small burns can be treated at home, but extensive burns require medical attention.
- Third degree burns are the heaviest and most dangerous, affecting all layers of the skin. This type of burn can cause the skin to turn red, brown, or white, but is usually black. The burned skin is wrinkled and often insensitive. This type of burn requires immediate medical attention.
Warning
- Never touch someone who is being electrocuted, or you will also become a victim.
- Do not enter an area where electrical equipment is exposed to water or moisture.
- In the event of a fire caused by an electrical short, disconnect the power first, then use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire.
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This article was co-written by Mohiba Tareen, MD. Mohiba Tareen is a dermatologist and founder of Tareen Dermatpogy based in Roseville, Maplewood and Faribault, Minnesota. Dr. Tareen completed her medical degree at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where she was inducted into the prestigious Alpha Omega Alpha society. During her time as a resident in dermatology at Cpumbia University in New York City, she won the New York Dermatological Society’s Conrad Stritzler Award and appeared in The New England Journal of Medicine. Tareen then completed a doctoral program specializing in skin surgery, laser and cosmetic dermatology.
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Electrical burns occur when a person comes into contact with an electrical source – grounded electrical equipment, for example – and is subjected to an electrical current through the body. The extent of burns can vary from first degree to third degree, depending on the amount of time exposed to the electric current, the magnitude and type of current, and the direction of the current passing through the body. If you have a second or third degree burn, the burn can be very deep and cause paralysis. Electrical burns can lead to complications due to the impact on internal organs, not just contact with the outer flesh. With a little preparation, you can know exactly how to react in case you or someone near you gets an electrical burn.
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