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This article was co-written by Andrew Carberry, MPH. Andrew Carberry has worked with school gardens and has been involved in the farm-to-school program since 2008. He is currently a Program Associate at Winrock International, specifically the Community Based Food Systems Team. copper.
There are 11 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,061 times.
Delicious, nutritious almonds are the fruit of the almond tree, a tree native to the Middle East and South Asia related to peaches, apricots and other nut trees. Almond is a relatively fastidious plant; If not grown in the right climate and with the right care, almond trees can be very difficult to survive, let alone bear fruit.
Steps
Planting almond trees
- If you are in the US, you can use the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map to determine if the climate where you live is suitable for growing almonds. [2] X Research Sources This map classifies geographic regions by minimum temperature, giving a relative indication of the types of plants that can survive in each region. If you want to grow almonds, you need to choose a site with a minimum rating of 6 – the higher the better.
- Under this system, appropriate areas in the United States include much of central and eastern California, parts of Arizona, Texas, and inland Florida.
- If you want to harvest edible almonds, be sure to choose the seeds or seedlings of the sweet almond tree. Note that bitter almond trees are not edible, and not all sweet almond trees produce fruit. These varieties are only suitable for shade and ornamental purposes. Ask the staff at the nursery if you are not sure which almond tree produces fruit.
- You also need to choose an area with good drainage. Almond trees do not tolerate standing water around the roots – the tree can suffer from root rot.
- Add water to the bowl and soak the seeds overnight.
- The next day, use a chestnut tongs to crack open the shells of the almonds – the shells are still glued together, but you should be able to see the seeds inside. Discard all seeds that show signs of mold.
- Pour potting soil into a few small flower pots. Make sure the pots have drainage holes in the bottom.
- Sow seeds about 2.5 -5 cm deep under the ground, cracked shell facing up. Place potted plants indoors where the sun shines. Now you just have to wait for the seedlings to sprout.
- If you plan to plant sprouted plants, you should plant in late winter or early spring. If you want to grow plants from seed, plant them in late fall to give them a chance to germinate in the spring, which is the beginning of the growing season. [4] X Research Sources
- If you plant more than one tree, each tree must be spaced at least 6 meters apart. This way the roots will have more space to grow, and watering is easier and more efficient. [5] X Research Sources
Caring for the almond tree
- Water each almond tree at least once a week, unless it rains. Rooted plants can survive with 5-7.5 cm of water when it doesn’t rain, but growing plants will need more water. [8] X Research Sources
- Another way is to use a drip irrigation system. This is the most convenient option if you have a lot of plants.
- Whatever fertilizer you use, you must water it after fertilizing. Fertilizer can “burn” the plant if you fertilize without watering or applying too much at once. [9] X Research Source
- There are two types of almond trees: “sweet” and “bitter” fruit. The tree and bitter almonds are not safe to eat . Bitter almonds contain cyanideric acid, which is toxic. Just a handful of raw and untreated bitter almonds can be fatal. [10] X Research Source However, bitter almonds can be processed through a toxin filtration process to make them edible.
- Pruning will help the tree grow evenly, healthy and beautiful. Methodical pruning also makes the tree stronger, sturdier, and more resistant to pests and diseases. [11] X Research Source
- When pruning trees, you should try to trim away the dense foliage and remove the places where the two branches rub against each other. You also need to prune branches that grow taller or farther than other branches to help the tree grow more evenly. [12] X Research Source
Caring for fruit trees
- Once it has begun to bear fruit, the almond tree bears fruit every year for up to 50 years, and you will be able to harvest many almonds in the years to come.
- The easiest way to do this is to plant a variety of plants. When you plant two or three plants close together, pollinators like honey bees will carry pollen from one tree to the other according to their natural habits.
- You can also manually pollinate plants by rubbing the first flowers of one tree with the first flowers of another to mix the pollen. However, this method of pollination is much more time consuming and may not be as effective as natural pollination.
- There are many ways to graft fertile cuttings into growing plants. The simplest way is often the T-eye grafting technique, whereby a long and narrow incision is made in the “host” tree and the graft is placed into the newly formed groove. After that, the graft will be tied with a string until the host plant receives the new branch.
- Note that it is common to transplant trees in the spring, when the underside of the bark is moist and green.
- Remember that grafting will not be able to turn a non-fruiting tree into a fruiting tree if the cause of the non-productive tree is planting in the wrong place, lack of nutrients, etc.
- Once harvested, you can freeze the almonds for 1-2 weeks to kill any remaining shell pests. [13] X Research Source
Troubleshoot common problems
- To prevent waterlogging, you can increase the drainage of your soil by mixing in plenty of humus or organic matter to increase the permeability of the soil. Note that shallow, heavy and clayey soils have very poor drainage.
- If you experience root rot (which often shows near-dry signs such as leaves turning yellow, wilting, and dying), dig up the roots and cut away the squishy and black patches. If the condition does not improve, you must discard the whole plant to prevent the fungus from spreading to the whole garden.
- The best way to deal with weeds is to pull the weeds early and do it regularly, especially during the first few months of planting. Try to clear weeds within 1.5-1.8 m between the beds – you can weed manually (using your hands or a garden tool) or use an herbicide. [15] X Research Source
- You can apply mulch or mulch to prevent weeds. This method is suitable for small orchards at home.
- After removing the remaining almonds, run the lawn mower to crush them. Orangeworm worms can still live in the “mummies” still on the ground.
- In addition to the two pests mentioned above, there are many other pests that can attack almond trees – too many to list here. For more information, you can search for “almond tree pests” or contact your local university’s nursery or botany department.
- You can also learn about integrated pest control. It is a pest control method that combines biological, environmental and chemical techniques. This method is more efficient than just using one method. [18] X Research Sources
Advice
- Start seeding in the fall so that the plants sprout in early spring.
- If you want to plant an almond tree for fruit, you must plant two other trees that are the same.
- If planting more than one almond tree, you need to plant the trees 6-9 meters apart.
Warning
- Do not over water. Almond trees are susceptible to rot and mold.
This article was co-written by Andrew Carberry, MPH. Andrew Carberry has worked with school gardens and has been involved in the farm-to-school program since 2008. He is currently a Program Associate at Winrock International, specifically the Community Based Food Systems Team. copper.
There are 11 references cited in this article that you can view at the bottom of the page.
This article has been viewed 4,061 times.
Delicious, nutritious almonds are the fruit of the almond tree, a tree native to the Middle East and South Asia related to peaches, apricots and other nut trees. Almond is a relatively fastidious plant; If not grown in the right climate and with the right care, almond trees can be very difficult to survive, let alone bear fruit.
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