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How to Communicate with the Deaf

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There are many very effective ways to communicate with deaf people. The most common methods are oral reading and sign language, but you can also use pen and paper, through an interpreter or a CART device. Whichever method you choose, you need to pay attention to the general principles of conventions when communicating with deaf people. Most importantly, a polite and focused attitude.

Communicating through mouth-reading technique

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Image titled Communicate With Dead People Step 1

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Stay in their line of sight. When communicating with a deaf person, try to keep your eye level with the deaf person. You can sit down when they are sitting, or get up if they are standing. It is advisable to keep a little distance away from when talking normally (1-2 meters). This is to make sure they see your every move. [1]

  • If you’re indoors, make sure the room is bright enough for them to see you clearly.
  • If you are outdoors, you should face the sunlight so that your face is not shaded and the other person’s eyes are not dazzled.
  • Avoid putting anything in or near your mouth (gum, hands) while you are speaking.
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Speak in a normal voice and tone. You should speak normally with the deaf person. Talking in whispers or shouting can distort your mouth and make it difficult for them to read your words. Similarly, if you try to exaggerate the movements of your mouth, it will be more difficult for a deaf person to understand than if you were speaking naturally. [2]

  • Turning up the volume only helps when the person asks you to do so.
  • Speak a little slower if the person asks.
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Image titled Communicate With Dead People Step 3

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Maintain eye contact. Your eye contact and facial expression will complement the tone and attitude of the conversation, so eye contact is an important factor. You should try your best not to turn your face away when talking. [3]

  • You should also try to make sure they maintain eye contact. For example, if you are teaching them how to use an object and they are watching, wait for them to finish looking at the object before continuing. [4] [5]
  • If you’re wearing sunglasses, take them off.
  • If you can add facial expressions to emphasize a point (smiling, rolling your eyes, raising your eyebrows), do so when appropriate.
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Use gesture and visual cues. Incorporating some body movements or props in communication is also helpful. You can point (pointing is generally not considered rude in the deaf community) [6] or hold an object up when talking, or imitate actions ( such as eating, drinking, or jumping) to illustrate the words. You can raise your fingers to indicate numbers, do the aerial gesture to show that you are writing a letter, etc… [7]

Use sign language

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Image titled Communicate With Dead People Step 5

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Specify your language. Some (though not all) deaf people will use sign language to communicate. Most countries in the world also have their own sign languages. These languages are very different from spoken languages, and are generally non-geographical (for example, British Sign Language is very different from American Sign Language).

  • Sign language is also a natural language, with its own grammar and syntax; for example, the English phrase “I give to you” is a word (or “sign”) in American sign language.
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Learn letters and numbers. If you don’t know anything about sign language, you can start by learning the letters of the alphabet as well as the numbers. Once you know the letters and numbers, you can begin basic communication with deaf people and will become more comfortable with symbols.

  • Go to https://www.start-american-sign-language.com/american-sign-language-alphabet_html to learn the alphabet of American sign language.
  • Go to http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/n/numbers.htm to learn numbers.
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Practice common phrases. Learning some important phrases can help you communicate in sign language. Phrases like “please,” “thank you,” and “hello” can be used in many different contexts to communicate in a friendly and polite manner. In American Sign Language, these phrases are denoted as follows:

  • The “please” sign: Open your hand, press it to the center of your chest, and rotate it clockwise three times. [8]
  • The “thank you” sign: Touch your fingers to your lips (open palm). Then move your hand forward in a downward direction towards the person you are talking to. [9]
  • The “hello” sign: touch your forehead with your hand, palm down. Then raise your hand away from your forehead (similar to a greeting gesture). [10]
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Improve understanding of sign language. If you want to master sign language, you’ll have to learn grammar, understand sentence structure, and expand your vocabulary. You also need to put in a bit of practice. Like any other language, sign language requires a bit of effort to master. [11]

  • Enroll in a course at your local university or deaf organization.
  • Join a sign club.
  • Practice with a deaf friend.
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Make sure the person uses sign language. You need to remember that not all deaf people use sign language. You need to identify the person using sign language before starting a conversation with them. Start by getting the person’s attention, followed by a “hello” sign. If the other person also responds in sign language, you can continue what you want to say. [12]

  • Remember that there are many different sign languages. Maybe the person you’re trying to talk to in one sign language is using another.
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Point your hands and body towards them. When communicating in sign language, it’s important to let the other person see your hands clearly. Make sure to point your hands and body toward the person you’re talking to. [13]

  • Use your hands to gesture in front of you, at chest level.
  • If for some reason you have to look away, explain why you did it and stop for a moment.

Follow common conventions

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Get the deaf person’s attention before you try to talk or communicate with them. Eye contact is a good way to do this. If necessary, you can wave at a social distance (not too close) or touch lightly to get attention. Although you should behave properly and should not poke or tease others, in the deaf community it is not considered rude to lightly touch a stranger to get attention. Shoulders are a good place for you to touch someone you don’t know very well; you can give them a quick pat on the shoulder. [14]
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Image titled Communicate With Dead People Step 12

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Establish the main idea of the story you want to communicate. Once you know the main topic, it will be easier for a deaf person to follow what you say. Try not to change the subject abruptly without pausing to let them know you are going to change the subject. [15] Pause from time to time and ask if they are keeping up with what you have to say.
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Explain when there is an interruption. If something interrupts the conversation that the deaf person may not realize, such as a ringing phone or a knock on the door, explain why you left. Otherwise, the deaf person may understand that you end the conversation, and this may be perceived as impolite. [16]
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Speak to the deaf, not to the interpreter. If you have a sign language interpreter to help you communicate, you need to speak directly to the deaf person, not to the interpreter (or co-conversation). The interpreter will know how to help the deaf understand what you are saying, so you don’t have to worry about that. [17]
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    Please summarize the story. When you’re nearing the end of the conversation, you can offer to quickly summarize what you’ve said. This may be helpful for some people who are deaf, but not for others, so it’s a good idea to ask first. [18]

    • You might say, “Do I need to summarize what we just said?”.

    • Advice

    • If mouth-reading doesn’t work, you can try communicating with the deaf with pen and paper.
    • When communicating in writing, deaf people may not use auxiliary words (for example, “one”, “that”, “and”) and omit some other words. They can also order words in a way that would be grammatically incorrect for the average person.
    • Text-writing cell phones are a great tool if you don’t have a pen and paper.
    • The Sign Language Interpreter and Speech-to-Text (CART) machine is another way to communicate with the deaf. This device may be available in classrooms or other institutions.
    • Sign languages like ASL (American Sign Language) are a separate language with its own rules and grammatical structures. They are not simply English represented by symbols. English cannot be translated word for word in sign language. Many deaf people also understand when you make English signs, but that will be very boring.
    • Many deaf people wear hearing aids, so you may not have to gesture much. Instead, you should speak in a normal voice and at a moderate speed.
    • Do not be surprised by the blunt communication of the deaf. The culture of the deaf emphasizes simplicity. Many ordinary people are surprised by the bluntness of the deaf. Remember that in the deaf community this is not considered rude, but effective.
    • Remember that deaf people are just like everyone else. Don’t underestimate anyone based on their disability.

    Warning

    • Do not assume that all deaf people can read speech. Every deaf person is different, so some people can read their mouths, some can’t.

    There are many very effective ways to communicate with deaf people. The most common methods are oral reading and sign language, but you can also use pen and paper, through an interpreter or a CART device. Whichever method you choose, you need to pay attention to the general principles of conventions when communicating with deaf people. Most importantly, a polite and focused attitude.

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