(1950-1986)

Who Was Ronald McNair?

Ronald McNair was an MIT-trained physicist who specialized in laser research before joining NASA in the late 1970s. In February 1984, he became just the second African American to reach space, serving as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. On January 28, 1986, he was one of the seven crew members killed when the Challenger shockingly exploded 73 seconds after liftoff.

Early Life

Ronald Erwin McNair was born on October 21, 1950, in Lake City, South Carolina. The second of three boys born to Carl, a mechanic, and Pearl, a teacher, McNair displayed an early aptitude for technical matters, earning the nickname “Gizmo.”

McNair’s interest in space was piqued by the launch of the Russian satellite Sputnik in 1957, and boosted by the appearance of Star Trek on TV years later, its multi-ethnic cast pushing the boundaries of what was possible for a small-town African American boy.

An outstanding all-around student at Carver High School, McNair starred in baseball, basketball and football and played saxophone for the school band. He graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1967, earning a scholarship to attend North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.

Education and Early Career

After initially considering majoring in music at NC A&T, McNair eventually came back around to his love for science, graduating magna cum laude in 1971 with a B.S. in physics.

From there, it was on to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a Ford Foundation fellow. Adjusting to the new environment proved a challenge for McNair, who came from a historically Black undergraduate school. He later faced a potentially career-altering obstacle when two years of specialized laser physics research for his doctorate was stolen, but he managed to produce a second set of data in a year, and earned his Ph.D in physics in 1976.

By this point, McNair was a recognized expert in the fields of chemical and high-pressure lasers. He went to work for Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California, where he focused on such tasks as the development of lasers for isotope separation and conducted research on electro-optic modulation for satellite space communications.

Second African American in Space for NASA

While working as a staff physicist at Hughes Research Laboratories, McNair learned that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was looking for scientists to join its shuttle

program. Of the 11,000 applicants, McNair was one of 35 selected in January 1978, and he completed his training and evaluation period the following August.

About five months after Guion S. Bluford became the first African American in space, McNair became the second with the launch of the STS-41B mission of the Space Shuttle

Challenger on February 3, 1984. A mission specialist, McNair operated Challenger’s robotic arm to help astronaut Bruce McCandless conduct his historic untethered space walk. McNair logged 191 hours in space as Challenger orbited Earth 122 times, before returning to Kennedy Space Center on February 11.

Musician and Martial Artist

McNair, who played saxophone for a band during college, maintained his love for the instrument throughout his life. He was famously photographed playing his sax during his first mission to

space in 1984.

Additionally, the accomplished physicist and astronaut was highly skilled in karate. He won the 1976 AAU Karate Gold Medal and five regional championships, eventually achieving the rank of fifth-degree black

belt.

Space Shuttle Challenger Tragedy

In early 1985, McNair was tapped for the STS-51L mission of the Space Shuttle Challenger, an undertaking that would draw media attention for its selection of teacher Christa McAuliffe as a civilian payload specialist. McNair was tasked with controlling Challenger’s robotic arm to release and retrieve a satellite to observe Halley’s Comet.

After multiple delays, Challenger launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, shortly before noon on January 28, 1986. Seventy-three seconds later, on live television, the shuttle suddenly exploded at around 46,000 feet, killing all seven crew members. McNair was just 35 years old.

A presidential commission determined the explosion to be caused by the failure of a rubber “O-ring” seal on one of Challenger’s solid rocket boosters, allowing hot gases to leak into the hydrogen fuel tank. McNair’s wife later won a settlement against the seal manufacturer, Morton Thiokol.

Wife and Family

McNair married Queens, New York, native Cheryl Moore in 1976. They had two children: son Reginald, born in 1982, and daughter Joy, born in 1984.

Following the death of her husband, Cheryl joined other surviving family members of the crew to form the Challenger Center for Space Science Education, serving as its founding director.

Organizations and Honors

McNair was a member of several organizations during his professional career, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society and the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics Board of Trustees.

Among his many honors, he was named a Distinguished National Scientist by the National Society of Black Professional Engineers in 1979 and received the Friend of Freedom Award 1981.
He also garnered honorary doctorates from NC A&T State University, Morris College and the University of South Carolina.

In 2004, McNair and the rest of his Challenger crew members were posthumously honored with the Congressional Space Medal of Honor by President George W. Bush.

Legacy

McNair’s legacy endures through the various educational initiatives and programs that bear his name. Founded in 1996, the Dr. Ronald E. McNair Educational Science Literacy Foundation (DREME) encourages students from kindergarten through college in areas of STEM learning. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Education’s Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate

Achievement Program provides grants to promising students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

McNair’s accomplishments also influenced the following generations of African Americans who learned to dream big. His admirers include astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, another world-renowned intellect who found fulfillment via contact sports as a high school wrestler.

“An astronaut who was also a black belt in karate served as a kind of affirmation that an athletic hobby need not interfere with academic pursuits,” Tyson told the New York Daily News.

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QUICK FACTS

• Name: Ronald McNair
• Birth Year: 1950
• Birth date: October 21, 1950
• Birth State: South Carolina
• Birth City: Lake City
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: African American physicist and astronaut Ronald McNair was one of the seven crew members killed in the 1986 Space Shuttle ‘Challenger’ explosion.
• Industries
• Science and Medicine
• Space Exploration
• Astrological Sign: Libra
• Schools
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• North Carolina A&T
• Interesting Facts
• Ronald McNair was a fifth-degree karate black belt.
• Death Year: 1986
• Death date: January 28, 1986
• Death State: Florida
• Death City: Cape Kennedy (now Cape Canaveral)

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Ronald McNair Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/astronaut/ronald-mcnair
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E Television Networks
• Last Updated: September 14, 2020
• Original Published Date: January 24, 2018