(1883-1941)

Who Was Ernest Everett Just?

Ernest Everett Just was an African American biologist and educator who pioneered many areas on the physiology of development, including fertilization, experimental parthenogenesis, hydration, cell division, dehydration in living cells and ultraviolet carcinogenic radiation effects on cells. Just’s legacy of accomplishments followed him long after his death, on October 27, 1941.

Early Life

Just was born on August 14, 1883, in Charleston, South Carolina, to Charles Frazier and Mary Matthews Just. Known as an intelligent and inquisitive student, Just studied at Kimball Union Academy in New Hampshire before enrolling at Dartmouth College.

It was during his university years that Just discovered an interest in biology after reading a paper on fertilization and egg development. This bright young man earned the highest grades in Greek during his freshman year, and was selected as a Rufus Choate scholar for two years. He graduated as the sole magna cum laude student in 1907, also receiving honors in botany, sociology and history.

Career Success

Just’s first job out of college was as a teacher and researcher at the traditionally all-Black Howard University. Later, in 1909, he worked in research at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts. Just furthered his education by obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Chicago, where he studied experimental embryology and graduated magna cum laude.

Just pioneered many areas on the physiology of development, including fertilization, experimental parthenogenesis, hydration, cell division, dehydration in living cells and ultraviolet carcinogenic radiation effects on cells.

Just also served as editor of three scholarly periodicals and, in 1915, won the NAACP’s first Spingarn Medal for outstanding achievement by a Black American. From 1920 to 1931, he was a Julius Rosenwald Fellow in Biology of the National Research Council — a position that provided him the chance to work in Europe when racial discrimination hindered his opportunities in the United States. During this time, Just penned many research papers, including the 1924 publication “General Cytology,” which he co-authored with respected scientists from Princeton University, the University of Chicago, the National Academy of Sciences and the Marine Biological Laboratory.

Held in high esteem within his field, notable Black scientist Charles Drew called Just “a biologist of unusual skill and the greatest of our original thinkers in the field.”

Personal Life

Just married high school teacher Ethel Highwarden on June 26, 1912, and together they had three children — Margaret, Highwarden and Maribel — before divorcing in 1939. That same year, Just married Hedwig Schnetzler, a philosophy student he had met in Berlin. In 1940, the German Nazis imprisoned Just in a camp, but, with the help of his wife’s father, he was released. After making their way out of France, the couple gave birth to daughter Elisabeth.

Death

Ernest Just died of pancreatic cancer in Washington, D.C., on October 27, 1941. He is buried at the Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.

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QUICK FACTS

• Name: Ernest Just Everett
• Birth Year: 1883
• Birth date: August 14, 1883
• Birth State: South Carolina
• Birth City: Charleston
• Birth Country: United States
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Ernest Everett Just was an African American biologist and educator best known for his pioneering work in the physiology of development, especially in fertilization.
• Industries
• Science and Medicine
• Education and Academia
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Schools
• Dartmouth College
• Kimball Hall Academy
• University of Chicago
• Interesting Facts
• Earnest Everett Just was the only magna cum laude recipient at his 1907 Dartmouth College graduation.
• Death Year: 1941
• Death date: October 27, 1941
• Death State: Washington, D.C.
• Death Country: United States

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Ernest Everett Just Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/scientists/ernest-everett-just
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: January 14, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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QUOTES

• We feel the beauty of nature because we are part of nature and because we know that however much in our separate domains we abstract from the unity of nature, this unity remains. Although we may deal with particulars, we return finally to the whole pattern woven out of these.